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C++11 A std::unique_ptr is a class template that manages the lifetime of a dynamically stored object. Unlike for std::shared_ptr, the dynamic object is owned by only one instance of a std::unique_ptr at any time, // Creates a dynamic int with value of 20 owned by a unique pointer std::unique_pt...

Overview Attribute selectors can be used with various types of operators that change the selection criteria accordingly. They select an element using the presence of a given attribute or attribute value. Selector(1)Matched elementSelects elements...CSS Version[attr]<div attr>With attribute a...

A stub is a light weight test double that provides canned responses when methods are called. Where a class under test relies on an interface or base class an alternative 'stub' class can be implemented for testing which conforms to the interface. So, assuming the following interface, public inter...

The terms Mock and Stub can often become confused. Part of the reason for this is that many mocking frameworks also provide support for creating Stubs without the verification step associated with Mocking. Rather than writing a new class to implement a stub as in the "Using a stub to supply c...

Mocks are used when it is necessary to verify the interactions between the system under test and test doubles. Care needs to be taken to avoid creating overly brittle tests, but mocking can be particularly useful when the method to test is simply orchestrating other calls. This test verifies that ...

To update a package use the following command: PM> Update-Package EntityFramework where EntityFramework is the name of the package to be updated. Note that update will run for all projects, and so is different from Install-Package EntityFramework which would install to "Default project&q...

PM> Uninstall-Package EntityFramework

PM> Uninstall-Package -ProjectName MyProjectB EntityFramework

Pull properties from an object passed into a function. This pattern simulates named parameters instead of relying on argument position. let user = { name: 'Jill', age: 33, profession: 'Pilot' } function greeting ({name, profession}) { console.log(`Hello, ${name} the ${pr...

In this case, building against API 23, so permissions are handled too. You must add in the Manifest the following permission (wherever the API level you're using): <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/> We're about to create an activity (Camera2Activity.java...

In this example, we can use GROUP BY not only determined the sort of the rows returned, but also what rows are returned, since we're using TOP to limit the result set. Let's say we want to return the top 5 highest reputation users from an unnamed popular Q&A site. Without ORDER BY This query ...

This uses the Dropbox .NET SDK to download a file from the Dropbox API at the remote path /Homework/math/Prime_Numbers.txt to the local file Prime_Numbers.txt: using (var response = await client.Files.DownloadAsync("/Homework/math/Prime_Numbers.txt")) { using (var fileStream = File....

This uses the Dropbox Python SDK to create a shared link for a file and also supplies a requested visibility and expiration in the settings: import datetime import dropbox dbx = dropbox.Dropbox("<ACCESS_TOKEN>") expires = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30...

Starting with a given list a: a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] append(value) – appends a new element to the end of the list. # Append values 6, 7, and 7 to the list a.append(6) a.append(7) a.append(7) # a: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7] # Append another list b = [8, 9] a.append(b) # a: [1, 2, 3, 4, ...

Let's say we have two classes, Cat and Dog. class Cat def eat die unless has_food? self.food_amount -= 1 self.hungry = false end def sound puts "Meow" end end class Dog def eat die unless has_food? self.food_amount -= 1 self.hungry = f...

Let's say you want to generate counts or subtotals for a given value in a column. Given this table, "Westerosians": NameGreatHouseAllegienceAryaStarkCerceiLannisterMyrcellaLannisterYaraGreyjoyCatelynStarkSansaStark Without GROUP BY, COUNT will simply return a total number of rows: SELE...

/* define a list of preprocessor tokens on which to call X */ #define X_123 X(1) X(2) X(3) /* define X to use */ #define X(val) printf("X(%d) made this print\n", val); X_123 #undef X /* good practice to undef X to facilitate reuse later on */ This example will result in the prep...

Due to auto unboxing, one can use a Boolean in an if statement: Boolean a = Boolean.TRUE; if (a) { // a gets converted to boolean System.out.println("It works!"); } That works for while, do while and the condition in the for statements as well. Note that, if the Boolean is null...

Basics The Reflection API allows one to check the class structure of the code at runtime and invoke code dynamically. This is very powerful, but it is also dangerous since the compiler is not able to statically determine whether dynamic invocations are valid. A simple example would be to get the p...

Syntax for accessing rows and columns: [, [[, and $ This topic covers the most common syntax to access specific rows and columns of a data frame. These are Like a matrix with single brackets data[rows, columns] Using row and column numbers Using column (and row) names Like a list: Wi...