Tutorial by Examples: comprehension

A list comprehension creates a new list by applying an expression to each element of an iterable. The most basic form is: [ <expression> for <element> in <iterable> ] There's also an optional 'if' condition: [ <expression> for <element> in <iterable> if <c...

A dictionary comprehension is similar to a list comprehension except that it produces a dictionary object instead of a list. A basic example: Python 2.x2.7 {x: x * x for x in (1, 2, 3, 4)} # Out: {1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16} which is just another way of writing: dict((x, x * x) for x in (1, 2...

Set comprehension is similar to list and dictionary comprehension, but it produces a set, which is an unordered collection of unique elements. Python 2.x2.7 # A set containing every value in range(5): {x for x in range(5)} # Out: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} # A set of even numbers between 1 and 10: {x f...

Given a list comprehension you can append one or more if conditions to filter values. [<expression> for <element> in <iterable> if <condition>] For each <element> in <iterable>; if <condition> evaluates to True, add <expression> (usually a function...

This demonstrates a filter on a for-loop, and the use of yield to create a 'sequence comprehension': for ( x <- 1 to 10 if x % 2 == 0) yield x The output for this is: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Int] = Vector(2, 4, 6, 8, 10) A for comprehension is useful when you need to crea...

List Comprehensions can use nested for loops. You can code any number of nested for loops within a list comprehension, and each for loop may have an optional associated if test. When doing so, the order of the for constructs is the same order as when writing a series of nested for statements. The ge...

If you have several objects of monadic types, we can achieve combinations of the values using a 'for comprehension': for { x <- Option(1) y <- Option("b") z <- List(3, 4) } { // Now we can use the x, y, z variables println(x, y, z) x // the last expre...

The filter or map functions should often be replaced by list comprehensions. Guido Van Rossum describes this well in an open letter in 2005: filter(P, S) is almost always written clearer as [x for x in S if P(x)], and this has the huge advantage that the most common usages involve predicates tha...

The for clause of a list comprehension can specify more than one variable: [x + y for x, y in [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]] # Out: [3, 7, 11] [x + y for x, y in zip([1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6])] # Out: [3, 7, 11] This is just like regular for loops: for x, y in [(1,2), (3,4), (5,6)]: print(x+y) ...

Elixir doesn't have loops. Instead of them for lists there are great Enum and List modules, but there are also List Comprehensions. List Comprehensions can be useful to: create new lists iex(1)> for value <- [1, 2, 3], do: value + 1 [2, 3, 4] filtering lists, using guard expressi...

All files are in folder files. First create list of DataFrames and then concat them: import pandas as pd import glob #a.csv #a,b #1,2 #5,8 #b.csv #a,b #9,6 #6,4 #c.csv #a,b #4,3 #7,0 files = glob.glob('files/*.csv') dfs = [pd.read_csv(fp) for fp in files] #duplicated ind...

Python 2.x2.3 x = 'hello world!' vowels = [x for x in 'AEIOU'] print (vowels) # Out: ['A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U'] print(x) # Out: 'U' Python 3.x3.0 x = 'hello world!' vowels = [x for x in 'AEIOU'] print (vowels) # Out: ['A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U'] print(x) # Out: 'hello world!' ...

Haskell has list comprehensions, which are a lot like set comprehensions in math and similar implementations in imperative languages such as Python and JavaScript. At their most basic, list comprehensions take the following form. [ x | x <- someList ] For example [ x | x <- [1..4] ] -...

for comprehensions in Scala are just syntactic sugar. These comprehensions are implemented using the withFilter, foreach, flatMap and map methods of their subject types. For this reason, only types that have these methods defined can be utilized in a for comprehension. A for comprehension of the fo...

When we want to count the number of items in an iterable, that meet some condition, we can use comprehension to produce an idiomatic syntax: # Count the numbers in `range(1000)` that are even and contain the digit `9`: print (sum( 1 for x in range(1000) if x % 2 == 0 and '9' in str...

List comprehensions are a syntactic construct to create a list based on existing lists. In erlang a list comprehension has the form [Expr || Qualifier1, ..., QualifierN]. Where qualifiers are either generators Pattern <- ListExpr or filter like integer(X) evaluating to either true or false. Th...

With Parallel List Comprehensions language extension, [(x,y) | x <- xs | y <- ys] is equivalent to zip xs ys Example: [(x,y) | x <- [1,2,3] | y <- [10,20]] -- [(1,10),(2,20)]

Basic Syntax Julia's array comprehensions use the following syntax: [expression for element = iterable] Note that as with for loops, all of =, in, and ∈ are accepted for the comprehension. This is roughly equivalent to creating an empty array and using a for loop to push! items to it. result ...

Consider the following list comprehension Python 2.x2.7 i = 0 a = [i for i in range(3)] print(i) # Outputs 2 This occurs only in Python 2 due to the fact that the list comprehension “leaks” the loop control variable into the surrounding scope (source). This behavior can lead to hard-to-find...

Nested list comprehensions, unlike list comprehensions with nested loops, are List comprehensions within a list comprehension. The initial expression can be any arbitrary expression, including another list comprehension. #List Comprehension with nested loop [x + y for x in [1, 2, 3] for y in [3, 4...