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string requestUri = "http://www.example.com"; string responseData; using (var client = new WebClient()) { responseData = client.DownloadString(requestUri); }

HttpClient is available through NuGet: Microsoft HTTP Client Libraries. string requestUri = "http://www.example.com"; string responseData; using (var client = new HttpClient()) { using(var response = client.GetAsync(requestUri).Result) { response.EnsureSuccessStatus...

Code can and should throw exceptions in exceptional circumstances. Examples of this include: Attempting to read past the end of a stream Not having necessary permissions to access a file Attempting to perform an invalid operation, such as dividing by zero A timeout occurring when downloading a...

var numbers = new[] {1,2,3,4,5}; Console.WriteLine(numbers.Contains(3)); //True Console.WriteLine(numbers.Contains(34)); //False

var numbers1to5 = new[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; var numbers4to8 = new[] {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; var numbers1to8 = numbers1to5.Concat(numbers4to8); Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",", numbers1to8)); //1,2,3,4,5,4,5,6,7,8 Note that duplicates are kept in the result. If this is undesirable, use...

The readonly keyword is a field modifier. When a field declaration includes a readonly modifier, assignments to that field can only occur as part of the declaration or in a constructor in the same class. The readonly keyword is different from the const keyword. A const field can only be initialized...

Returns a new dictionary from the source IEnumerable using the provided keySelector function to determine keys. Will throw an ArgumentException if keySelector is not injective(returns a unique value for each member of the source collection.) There are overloads which allow one to specify the value t...

var numbers1to5 = new[] {1,2,3,4,5}; var numbers4to8 = new[] {4,5,6,7,8}; var numbers1to8 = numbers1to5.Union(numbers4to8); Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",", numbers1to8)); //1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 Note that duplicates are removed from the result. If this is undesirable, use Concat ...

const is used to represent values that will never change throughout the lifetime of the program. Its value is constant from compile-time, as opposed to the readonly keyword, whose value is constant from run-time. For example, since the speed of light will never change, we can store it in a constan...

Immediately pass control to the next iteration of the enclosing loop construct (for, foreach, do, while): for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) { if (i < 5) { continue; } Console.WriteLine(i); } Output: 5 6 7 8 9 Live Demo on .NET Fiddle var stuff = new [] ...

To make a class support collection initializers, it must implement IEnumerable interface and have at least one Add method. Since C# 6, any collection implementing IEnumerable can be extended with custom Add methods using extension methods. class Program { static void Main() { va...

try { /* code that could throw an exception */ } catch (Exception ex) { /* handle the exception */ } Note that handling all exceptions with the same code is often not the best approach. This is commonly used when any inner exception handling routines fail, as a last resort.

try { /* code to open a file */ } catch (System.IO.FileNotFoundException) { /* code to handle the file being not found */ } catch (System.IO.UnauthorizedAccessException) { /* code to handle not being allowed access to the file */ } catch (System.IO.IOException) { /* cod...

You are allowed to create and throw exceptions in your own code. Instantiating an exception is done the same way that any other C# object. Exception ex = new Exception(); // constructor with an overload that takes a message string Exception ex = new Exception("Error message"); Yo...

The ?. operator is syntactic sugar to avoid verbose null checks. It's also known as the Safe navigation operator. Class used in the following example: public class Person { public int Age { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public Person Spouse { get; set; } } If a...

Similarly to the ?. operator, the null-conditional index operator checks for null values when indexing into a collection that may be null. string item = collection?[index]; is syntactic sugar for string item = null; if(collection != null) { item = collection[index]; }

// assigning a signed short to its minimum value short s = -32768; // assigning a signed short to its maximum value short s = 32767; // assigning a signed int to its minimum value int i = -2147483648; // assigning a signed int to its maximum value int i = 2147483647; // assigning a s...

// assigning an unsigned short to its minimum value ushort s = 0; // assigning an unsigned short to its maximum value ushort s = 65535; // assigning an unsigned int to its minimum value uint i = 0; // assigning an unsigned int to its maximum value uint i = 4294967295; // assigning an...

Click the menus Tools -> NuGet Package Manager -> Package Manager Console to show the console in your IDE. Official documentation here. Here you can issue, amongst others, install-package commands which installs the entered package into the currently selected "Default project": Ins...

public class SomeClass { public void DoStuff() { } protected void DoMagic() { } } public static class SomeClassExtensions { public static void DoStuffWrapper(this SomeClass someInstance) { someInstance.DoStuff(); // ok ...