Tutorial by Examples: in

Single Port Synchronous RAM

Simple Single Port RAM with one address for read/write operations. module ram_single #( parameter DATA_WIDTH=8, //width of data bus parameter ADDR_WIDTH=8 //width of addresses buses )( input [(DATA_WIDTH-1):0] data, //data to be written input [(ADDR_WIDTH-1):0] ad...

verilog • Memories

Padding and truncating strings, combined

Say you want to print variables in a 3 character column. Note: doubling { and } escapes them. s = """ pad {{:3}} :{a:3}: truncate {{:.3}} :{e:.3}: combined {{:>3.3}} :{a:>3.3}: {{:3.3}} :{a:3.3}: {{:3.3}} :{c:3...

Python Language • String Formatting

Introduction to classes

A class, functions as a template that defines the basic characteristics of a particular object. Here's an example: class Person(object): """A simple class.""" # docstring species = "Homo Sapiens" ...

Python Language • Classes

Checking equality of generic values.

If logic of generic class or method requires checking equality of values having generic type, use EqualityComparer<TType>.Default property: public void Foo<TBar>(TBar arg1, TBar arg2) { var comparer = EqualityComparer<TBar>.Default; if (comparer.Equals(arg1,arg2) {...

C# Language • Generics

Accessing lists

Member member/2 has signature member(?Elem, ?List) and denotes true if Elem is a member of List. This predicate can be used to access variables in a list, where different solutions are retrieved through backtracking. Example queries: ?- member(X, [1,2,3]). X = 1 ; X = 2 ; X = 3. ?- member(X...

Prolog Language • Reasoning about data

Optional ref keyword when using COM

The ref keyword for callers of methods is now optional when calling into methods supplied by COM interfaces. Given a COM method with the signature void Increment(ref int x); the invocation can now be written as either Increment(0); // no need for "ref" or a place holder variable any m...

C# Language • C# 4.0 Features

Translating a LINQ query to a SQL query

The IQueryable and IQueryable<T> interfaces allows developers to translate a LINQ query (a 'language-integrated' query) to a specific datasource, for example a relational database. Take this LINQ query written in C#: var query = from book in books where book.Author == "Steph...

C# Language • IQueryable interface

Search for nodes that has name that contains Light

XML <Data> <BioLight> <name>Firefly</name> <model>Insect</model> </BioLight> <ArtificialLight> <name>Fire</name> <model>Natural element</model> <source>flint<...

xpath • Select nodes with names equal to or containing some string

Search for nodes with name light (case insensitive)

XML <Galaxy> <Light>sun</Light> <Device>satellite</Device> <Sensor>human</Sensor> <Name>Milky Way</Name> </Galaxy> XPATH /Galaxy/*[lower-case(local-name())="light"] or //*[lower-case(local-name())=&qu...

xpath • Select nodes with names equal to or containing some string

Find nodes with a specific attribute

XML <Galaxy> <name>Milky Way</name> <CelestialObject name="Earth" type="planet"/> <CelestialObject name="Sun" type="star"/> </Galaxy> XPATH /Galaxy/*[@name] or //*[@name] OUTPUT <CelestialObje...