Tutorial by Examples: ti

Classes can define properties that instances of the class can use. In this example, Dog has two properties: name and dogYearAge: class Dog { var name = "" var dogYearAge = 0 } You can access the properties with dot syntax: let dog = Dog() print(dog.name) print(dog.dogYear...

Templating can also be applied to functions (as well as the more traditional structures) with the same effect. // 'T' stands for the unknown type // Both of our arguments will be of the same type. template<typename T> void printSum(T add1, T add2) { std::cout << (add1 + add2) &...

Factorials can be computed at compile-time using template metaprogramming techniques. #include <iostream> template<unsigned int n> struct factorial { enum { value = n * factorial<n - 1>::value }; }; template<> struct factorial<0> { ...

The Implicit Grant flow is best suited for Web applications. It's easily integrated into a website using JavaScript and doesn't require a server to store the authorization code to retrieve a token. You'll first send the user to the Twitch authorization endpoint. This URL is made up of a the base au...

The second step to creating a subscription for a user is to create and execute a billing agreement, based on an existing activated billing plan. This example assumes that you have already gone through and activated a billing plan in the previous example, and have an ID for that billing plan to refer...

When creating a subscription for a user, you first need to create and activate a billing plan that a user is then subscribed to using a billing agreement. The full process for creating a subscription is detailed in the remarks of this topic. Within this example, we're going to be using the PayPal N...

HTML comments can be used to leave notes to yourself or other developers about a specific point in code. They can be initiated with <!-- and concluded with -->, like so: <!-- I'm an HTML comment! --> They can be incorporated inline within other content: <h1>This part will be d...

Conditional comments can be used to customize code for different versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer. For example, different HTML classes, script tags, or stylesheets can be provided. Conditional comments are supported in Internet Explorer versions 5 through 9. Older and newer Internet Explorer ...

In helloWorld.sh #!/bin/bash # Define a function greet greet () { echo "Hello World!" } # Call the function greet greet In running the script, we see our message $ bash helloWorld.sh Hello World! Note that sourcing a file with functions makes them available in your ...

$.ajax({ url: 'https://api.dropboxapi.com/2/sharing/add_folder_member', type: 'POST', processData: false, data: JSON.stringify({"shared_folder_id": "84528192421","members": [{"member": {".tag": "email","email":...

An if statement checks whether a Bool condition is true: let num = 10 if num == 10 { // Code inside this block only executes if the condition was true. print("num is 10") } let condition = num == 10 // condition's type is Bool if condition { print("num is 10&...

Optionals must be unwrapped before they can be used in most expressions. if let is an optional binding, which succeeds if the optional value was not nil: let num: Int? = 10 // or: let num: Int? = nil if let unwrappedNum = num { // num has type Int?; unwrappedNum has type Int print(&quo...

from collections import Counter c = Counter(["a", "b", "c", "d", "a", "b", "a", "c", "d"]) c # Out: Counter({'a': 3, 'b': 2, 'c': 2, 'd': 2}) c["a"] # Out: 3 c[7] # not in the list (7 oc...

Counting the keys of a Mapping isn't possible with collections.Counter but we can count the values: from collections import Counter adict = {'a': 5, 'b': 3, 'c': 5, 'd': 2, 'e':2, 'q': 5} Counter(adict.values()) # Out: Counter({2: 2, 3: 1, 5: 3}) The most common elements are avaiable by the m...

alist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 4] alist.count(1) # Out: 3 atuple = ('bear', 'weasel', 'bear', 'frog') atuple.count('bear') # Out: 2 atuple.count('fox') # Out: 0

astring = 'thisisashorttext' astring.count('t') # Out: 4 This works even for substrings longer than one character: astring.count('th') # Out: 1 astring.count('is') # Out: 2 astring.count('text') # Out: 1 which would not be possible with collections.Counter which only counts single char...

Anonymous functions are functions that are defined but not assigned a name. The following is an anonymous function that takes in two integers and returns the sum. (x: Int, y: Int) => x + y The resultant expression can be assigned to a val: val sum = (x: Int, y: Int) => x + y Anonymous...

class MultiIndexingList: def __init__(self, value): self.value = value def __repr__(self): return repr(self.value) def __getitem__(self, item): if isinstance(item, (int, slice)): return self.__class__(self.value[item]) r...

What is hoisting? Hoisting is a mechanism which moves all variable and function declarations to the top of their scope. However, variable assignments still happen where they originally were. For example, consider the following code: console.log(foo); // → undefined var foo = 42; console.log(fo...

Importing using base R Comma separated value files (CSVs) can be imported using read.csv, which wraps read.table, but uses sep = "," to set the delimiter to a comma. # get the file path of a CSV included in R's utils package csv_path <- system.file("misc", "exDIF.csv&q...