Tutorial by Examples: i

C++11 The container std::array can bundle together a fixed number of return values. This number has to be known at compile-time and all return values have to be of the same type: std::array<int, 4> bar(int a, int b) { return { a + b, a - b, a * b, a / b }; } This replaces c style ar...

Use std::string::substr to split a string. There are two variants of this member function. The first takes a starting position from which the returned substring should begin. The starting position must be valid in the range (0, str.length()]: std::string str = "Hello foo, bar and world!"...

Replace by position To replace a portion of a std::string you can use the method replace from std::string. replace has a lot of useful overloads: //Define string std::string str = "Hello foo, bar and world!"; std::string alternate = "Hello foobar"; //1) str.replace(6, 3,...

You can concatenate std::strings using the overloaded + and += operators. Using the + operator: std::string hello = "Hello"; std::string world = "world"; std::string helloworld = hello + world; // "Helloworld" Using the += operator: std::string hello = "Hel...

There are several ways to extract characters from a std::string and each is subtly different. std::string str("Hello world!"); operator[](n) Returns a reference to the character at index n. std::string::operator[] is not bounds-checked and does not throw an exception. The caller is...

var fs = require('fs'); // Save the string "Hello world!" in a file called "hello.txt" in // the directory "/tmp" using the default encoding (utf8). // This operation will be completed in background and the callback // will be called when it is either done or fail...

Use the filesystem module for all file operations: const fs = require('fs'); With Encoding In this example, read hello.txt from the directory /tmp. This operation will be completed in the background and the callback occurs on completion or failure: fs.readFile('/tmp/hello.txt', { encoding: '...

const fs = require('fs'); // Read the contents of the directory /usr/local/bin asynchronously. // The callback will be invoked once the operation has either completed // or failed. fs.readdir('/usr/local/bin', (err, files) => { // On error, show it and return if(err) return console.er...

Display a message to the output console. Using SQL Server Management Studio, this will be displayed in the messages tab, rather than the results tab: PRINT 'Hello World!';

Use Case CASE can be used in conjunction with SUM to return a count of only those items matching a pre-defined condition. (This is similar to COUNTIF in Excel.) The trick is to return binary results indicating matches, so the "1"s returned for matching entries can be summed for a count o...

in myapp/context_processors.py: from django.conf import settings def debug(request): return {'DEBUG': settings.DEBUG} in settings.py: TEMPLATES = [ { ... 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ ... 'myapp.context_processor...

project/jni/main.c #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(void) { printf("Hello world!\n"); return 0; } project/jni/Android.mk LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_MODULE := hello_world LOCAL_SRC_FILES := main.c include $(BU...

Sometimes you have a module that you only want to import so its top-level code gets run. This is useful for polyfills, other globals, or configuration that only runs once when your module is imported. Given a file named test.js: console.log('Initializing...') You can use it like this: import '...

In ECMAScript 6, when using the module syntax (import/export), each file becomes its own module with a private namespace. Top-level functions and variables do not pollute the global namespace. To expose functions, classes, and variables for other modules to import, you can use the export keyword. /...

Given that the module from the Defining a Module section exists in the file test.js, you can import from that module and use its exported members: import {doSomething, MyClass, PI} from './test' doSomething() const mine = new MyClass() mine.test() console.log(PI) The somethingPrivate()...

Creating a namespace is really easy: //Creates namespace foo namespace Foo { //Declares function bar in namespace foo void bar() {} } To call bar, you have to specify the namespace first, followed by the scope resolution operator ::: Foo::bar(); It is allowed to create one names...

A useful feature of namespaces is that you can expand them (add members to it). namespace Foo { void bar() {} } //some other stuff namespace Foo { void bar2() {} }

The keyword 'using' has three flavors. Combined with keyword 'namespace' you write a 'using directive': If you don't want to write Foo:: in front of every stuff in the namespace Foo, you can use using namespace Foo; to import every single thing out of Foo. namespace Foo { void bar() {} ...

Opening a file is done in the same way for all 3 file streams (ifstream, ofstream, and fstream). You can open the file directly in the constructor: std::ifstream ifs("foo.txt"); // ifstream: Opens file "foo.txt" for reading only. std::ofstream ofs("foo.txt"); // ...

There are several ways to read data from a file. If you know how the data is formatted, you can use the stream extraction operator (>>). Let's assume you have a file named foo.txt which contains the following data: John Doe 25 4 6 1987 Jane Doe 15 5 24 1976 Then you can use the following...