Tutorial by Examples: n

// Convert string to ArrayBuffer. This step is only necessary if you wish to hash a string, not if you aready got an ArrayBuffer such as an Uint8Array. var input = new TextEncoder('utf-8').encode('Hello world!'); // Calculate the SHA-256 digest crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', input) // Wait fo...

Setting values Using Unicode directly var str: String = "I want to visit 北京, Москва, मुंबई, القاهرة, and 서울시. 😊" var character: Character = "🌍" Using hexadecimal values var str: String = "\u{61}\u{5927}\u{1F34E}\u{3C0}" // a大🍎π var character: Character = &quo...

Swift's C interoperability allows you to use functions and types from the C standard library. On Linux, the C standard library is exposed via the Glibc module; on Apple platforms it's called Darwin. #if os(macOS) || os(iOS) || os(tvOS) || os(watchOS) import Darwin #elseif os(Linux) import Glibc...

6 var myIterableObject = {}; // An Iterable object must define a method located at the Symbol.iterator key: myIterableObject[Symbol.iterator] = function () { // The iterator should return an Iterator object return { // The Iterator object must implement a method, next() next: func...

dynamic foo = 123; Console.WriteLine(foo + 234); // 357 Console.WriteLine(foo.ToUpper()) // RuntimeBinderException, since int doesn't have a ToUpper method foo = "123"; Console.WriteLine(foo + 234); // 123234 Console.WriteLine(foo.ToUpper()): // NOW A STRING

using System; public static void Main() { var value = GetValue(); Console.WriteLine(value); // dynamics are useful! } private static dynamic GetValue() { return "dynamics are useful!"; }

using System; using System.Dynamic; dynamic info = new ExpandoObject(); info.Id = 123; info.Another = 456; Console.WriteLine(info.Another); // 456 Console.WriteLine(info.DoesntExist); // Throws RuntimeBinderException

You can use a colon and the standard numeric format syntax to control how numbers are formatted. var decimalValue = 120.5; var asCurrency = $"It costs {decimalValue:C}"; // String value is "It costs $120.50" (depending on your local currency settings) var withThreeDecimal...

Expressions in C++ are assigned a particular value category, based on the result of those expressions. Value categories for expressions can affect C++ function overload resolution. Value categories determines two important-but-separate properties about an expression. One property is whether the exp...

Background TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles directly to JavaScript code. TypeScript files commonly use the .ts extension. Many IDEs support TypeScript without any other setup required, but TypeScript can also be compiled with the TypeScript Node.JS package from the command...

You can see what "hunks" of work would be staged for commit using the patch flag: git add -p or git add --patch This opens an interactive prompt that allows you to look at the diffs and let you decide whether you want to include them or not. Stage this hunk [y,n,q,a,d,/,s,e,?]? ...

In this example, we illustrate string manipulation in MATLAB MEX. We will create a MEX-function that accepts a string as input from MATLAB, copy the data into C-string, modify it and convert it back to mxArray returned to the MATLAB side. The main objective of this example is to show how strings ca...

Since anonymous types are not named, variables of those types must be implicitly typed (var). var anon = new { Foo = 1, Bar = 2 }; // anon.Foo == 1 // anon.Bar == 2 If the member names are not specified, they are set to the name of the property/variable used to initialize the object. int foo ...

Anonymous types allow the creation of objects without having to explicitly define their types ahead of time, while maintaining static type checking. var anon = new { Value = 1 }; Console.WriteLine(anon.Id); // compile time error Conversely, dynamic has dynamic type checking, opting for runtime ...

Generic methods allow the use of anonymous types through type inference. void Log<T>(T obj) { // ... } Log(new { Value = 10 }); This means LINQ expressions can be used with anonymous types: var products = new[] { new { Amount = 10, Id = 0 }, new { Amount = 20, Id = 1 }, ...

Using generic constructors would require the anonymous types to be named, which is not possible. Alternatively, generic methods may be used to allow type inference to occur. var anon = new { Foo = 1, Bar = 2 }; var anon2 = new { Foo = 5, Bar = 10 }; List<T> CreateList<T>(params T[] it...

Anonymous type equality is given by the Equals instance method. Two objects are equal if they have the same type and equal values (through a.Prop.Equals(b.Prop)) for every property. var anon = new { Foo = 1, Bar = 2 }; var anon2 = new { Foo = 1, Bar = 2 }; var anon3 = new { Foo = 5, Bar = 10 }; ...

To remove a cookie, set the expiry timestamp to a time in the past. This triggers the browser's removal mechanism: setcookie('user', '', time() - 3600, '/'); When deleting a cookie make sure the path and domain parameters of setcookie() matches the cookie you're trying to delete or a new cooki...

round Rounds the value to the nearest whole number with x.5 rounding up (but note that -x.5 rounds down). round(3.000) // 3 round(3.001) // 3 round(3.499) // 3 round(3.500) // 4 round(3.999) // 4 round(-3.000) // -3 round(-3.001) // -3 round(-3.499) // -3 round(-3.500) // -4 *** careful...

arc4random_uniform(someNumber: UInt32) -> UInt32 This gives you random integers in the range 0 to someNumber - 1. The maximum value for UInt32 is 4,294,967,295 (that is, 2^32 - 1). Examples: Coin flip let flip = arc4random_uniform(2) // 0 or 1 Dice roll let roll = arc4random_...