Tutorial by Examples

This program prints Hello World! to the standard output stream: #include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << "Hello World!" << std::endl; } See it live on Coliru. Analysis Let's examine each part of this code in detail: #include <iostream> is a...

A comment is a way to put arbitrary text inside source code without having the C++ compiler interpret it with any functional meaning. Comments are used to give insight into the design or method of a program. There are two types of comments in C++: Single-Line Comments The double forward-slash seq...

A function is a unit of code that represents a sequence of statements. Functions can accept arguments or values and return a single value (or not). To use a function, a function call is used on argument values and the use of the function call itself is replaced with its return value. Every functio...

In C++, code must be declared or defined before usage. For example, the following produces a compile time error: int main() { foo(2); // error: foo is called, but has not yet been declared } void foo(int x) // this later definition is not known in main { } There are two ways to resolve...

Executable C++ program code is usually produced by a compiler. A compiler is a program that translates code from a programming language into another form which is (more) directly executable for a computer. Using a compiler to translate code is called compilation. C++ inherits the form of its compi...

The preprocessor is an important part of the compiler. It edits the source code, cutting some bits out, changing others, and adding other things. In source files, we can include preprocessor directives. These directives tells the preprocessor to perform specific actions. A directive starts with a ...