Tutorial by Examples

2.0 Guard checks for a condition, and if it is false, it enters the branch. Guard check branches must leave its enclosing block either via return, break, or continue (if applicable); failing to do so results in a compiler error. This has the advantage that when a guard is written it's not possible ...

An if statement checks whether a Bool condition is true: let num = 10 if num == 10 { // Code inside this block only executes if the condition was true. print("num is 10") } let condition = num == 10 // condition's type is Bool if condition { print("num is 10&...

Optionals must be unwrapped before they can be used in most expressions. if let is an optional binding, which succeeds if the optional value was not nil: let num: Int? = 10 // or: let num: Int? = nil if let unwrappedNum = num { // num has type Int?; unwrappedNum has type Int print(&quo...

Conditions may also be evaluated in a single line using the ternary operator: If you wanted to determine the minimum and maximum of two variables, you could use if statements, like so: let a = 5 let b = 10 let min: Int if a < b { min = a } else { min = b } let max: Int ...

The nil-coalescing operator <OPTIONAL> ?? <DEFAULT VALUE> unwraps the <OPTIONAL> if it contains a value, or returns <DEFAULT VALUE> if is nil. <OPTIONAL> is always of an optional type. <DEFAULT VALUE> must match the type that is stored inside <OPTIONAL>. T...