Tutorial by Examples

By "class", we mean a type that was defined using the class or struct keyword (but not enum struct or enum class). Even an empty class still occupies at least one byte of storage; it will therefore consist purely of padding. This ensures that if p points to an object of an empty class...

Narrow character types The unsigned char type uses all bits to represent a binary number. Therefore, for example, if unsigned char is 8 bits long, then the 256 possible bit patterns of a char object represent the 256 different values {0, 1, ..., 255}. The number 42 is guaranteed to be represented b...

An array type has no padding in between its elements. Therefore, an array with element type T is just a sequence of T objects laid out in memory, in order. A multidimensional array is an array of arrays, and the above applies recursively. For example, if we have the declaration int a[5][3]; the...