To start GDB, in the terminal,
gdb <executable name>
For the above example with a program named main, the command becomes
gdb main
Setting Breakpoints
You'll probably want you program to stop at some point so that you can review the condition of your program. The line at which you want the program to temporarily stop is called the breakpoint.
break <source code line number>
Running your program
To run your program, the command is, as you guessed,
run
Opening a core
gdb -c coreFile pathToExecutable