In your host machine (Windows/Linux/OSX), create an empty dir my_project.
Create a file named Vagrantfile with this:
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "gbarbieru/xenial" #An Ubuntu 16.04 based image
  config.vm.hostname = "my_project"
  config.vm.network :private_network, ip: "172.16.123.10"
end
Run your machine:
host$ vagrant up
host$ vagrant ssh
virtual$ cd /vagrant
Done!
Notes:
ssh from putty. You can do so by ssh-ing to hostname 127.0.0.1
and port 2222. Username is vagrant and password is vagrant.