The best part about aws cli is that you can embed the commands into a script and can trigger them based on some criteria. Like auto deployment on production (in Elastic Beanstalk), no need to go to AWS Console to select and deploy.
You'll get all the available commands by running:
# This will give all the available commands
aws help
You can even go further, like:
# This will give all the available options for ec2
aws ec2 help
and further
# This will output all the operations you can do with ec2 instances
aws ec2 describe-instances help
You can list/manipulate all the aws resources (S3, EC2, EBS, RDS, etc) using aws cli. Here's the complete documentation.