The power of AppleScript lies in being able to automate many Mac applications. To find out what you can automate, you need to read an app's scripting dictionary.
To do so, launch Script Editor, and select File > Open Dictionary…
Once you choose an app, its dictionary will open up in a new window. At the top of the window, you'll see a column view (like Finder's). The first column contains various "suites" of AppleScript terminology. The "Standard Suite" contains items that apply to most apps (e.g. open
, close
, save
, print
), and the other suites define custom behavior.