ArcPy is a Python module that provides access to Esri's geographic data analysis, data conversion, and data management software.
While Esri software primarily uses C++ for its proprietary geoprocessing and mapping tools, the ArcPy library enables those tools to be executed as part of a Python script.
Organized in tools, functions, classes, and modules, ArcPy allows automation of Esri software products to build complex workflow
Unlike many Python modules, ArcPy is not freeware and requires a licensed version of ArcGIS Desktop or ArcGIS Pro to function properly.