computer-vision Getting started with computer-vision

Remarks

                                        f : R² ⊃ Ω → R

Examples

This is a very simple image processing and computer vision Python exercise series, designed to introduce these topics with little practicals. I am sorry in advance for any rookie mistakes, it is still under development. In this series, I will be limiting digital images we can use to PNG files for the sake of simplicity, which I will also discuss the topic of image compression.

Please clone the repository if you have not done so already, or you can simply download it here via Github:

git clone https://github.com/Skorkmaz88/compvis101
 

There are two files you can use, one of them is tutorial0.py and other is readingImages.ipynb, the second one is an ipython notebook if you prefer using that you can do so. But two files are doing the same thing.

Code has explanations in comments, I am

 # libs
import png

# We create a greyscale image as described in our text.
# To do that simply, we create a 2D array in python. 
# x and y, x being horizontal and y being vertical directions.

x  = []
y = []
# Play around with these pixels values to get different grayscale images, they shoud be 
# in range of 0 - 255. 
white = 255
gray = 128
black = 0
width  = 100
height = 300

# Add 100 x 100 rectangle as just white(255) valued pixels
for i in range(0, 100):
    for j in range(0,100):
        y.append(white); # Pixel (i,j) is being set to a value, rest is coding trick to nest two lists 
    x.append(y)
    y = []
    
# Add 100 x 100 rectangle as just mid-gray(128) valued pixels
for i in range(0, 100):
    for j in range(0,100):
        y.append(gray);
    x.append(y)
    y = []

# Add 100 x 100 rectangle as just black(0) valued pixels
for i in range(0, 100):
    for j in range(0,100):
        y.append(black);
    x.append(y)
    y = []

# output image file 
f = open('out.png', 'wb')
w = png.Writer(width, height , greyscale=True, bitdepth=8)
w.write(f, x)
f.close()
# If everything went well, you should have 3 vertically aligned rectangles white, gray and black 
# Check your working folder

# PART 2
# Read a grayscale image and convert it to binary

# This time we will binarize a grayscale image, to do that we will read pixels and according to threshold we set
# we will decide if that pixel should be white or black 

# This file is originally 8 bit png image, can be found in github repository, you should use only this type of
# images if you want to change the image.
f = open('./img/lenaG.png', 'r')

r=png.Reader(file=f)
# You will the details about the image, for now pay attention to size and bitdepth only.
img = r.read()

width = img[0]
height = img[1]
# Threshold value for binarizing images, 
threshold = 128
print "Input image size is: "+ str(width)+ " pixels as  width, " + str(height) + " pixels as height"

f_out = open('lenaBinary.png', 'wb')
w = png.Writer(width, height , greyscale=True, bitdepth=1)

pixels = img[2]
 
x = []
y = []

# Let's traverse the Lena image 
for row in pixels:
    for pixel in row:
        p_value =  pixel
        # Now here we binarize image in pixel level
        if p_value > threshold:
            p_value = 1
        else:
            p_value = 0
            
        y.append(p_value);
    x.append(y)
    y = []

w.write(f_out, x)
f_out.close()

If everything worked well, congrats! You created an image from scratch and performed first pixel level transformation on an existing image. Check your working folder to see the new images

Installation or Setup

Detailed instructions on getting computer-vision set up or installed.

For this and following series of computer vision, I will be using Python 2 as a programming language. Python is a common choice for the scientific community, it is free, it has a lot of libraries for free and open-source, and if you are new to programming its one of the simplest to learn and begin programming.

Now set-up, if you use Linux you probably already have python, just open the terminal and type 'python' to check if everything is working already. Others, can check this link and download python 2.7.

Second, we will need to install the libraries we are going to use in the source code. Now, a note here, this setup is designed for this example, in later stages, we will add different libraries, and, of course, different computer vision applications may require specific libraries such as OpenCV. We will only need one library to be installed in our system to run the code. When using python I generally install dependencies using 'pip'. It is a simple tool to install the python modules, you can also check it via this link

Now, we are ready to install the library we need, PyPNG. If you are using pip all you need to do is

pip install PyPNG

in terminal if you are using Linux/Mac, in command line if you are using Windows.

Also, for this exercises, you need to get images which can be found in github link alongside the source code and ipython notebooks.

https://github.com/Skorkmaz88/compvis101

Now, we should be good to go for exercise

PDF - Download computer-vision for free