docker-compose Getting started with docker-compose

Remarks

Create a simple application

This example comes from the official document. Suppose you have a python application using redis as backend. After writing Dockerfile , create a docker-compose.yml file like this:

version: '2'
services:
  web:
    build: .
    ports:
     - "5000:5000"
    volumes:
     - .:/code
    depends_on:
     - redis
  redis:
    image: redis
 

Then run docker-compose up will setup the entire application includes: python app and redis.

---

• version: '2' is the version of the docker-compose file syntax
• services: is a section that describes the services to run
• web: and redis: are the names of the services to start, their contents describe how docker should start containers for those services
• depends_on implies a dependency of web to redis and therefor docker-compose first starts the redis container and then the web container. Nevertheless does docker-compose not wait until the redis container is ready before starting the web container. To achieve this you have to use a script that delays the start of the application server or whatever until the redis container can perform requests.

A volumes and networks section can be added as well. Using the volumes section allows for disconnected volume that can live independently of the docker compose services section. The networks section has a similar result.

The redis section of services would have to adjusted like so:

redis:
  image: redis
  volumes:
    - redis-data:/code
  networks:
    -back-tier 
 

Next, add the following sections to the bottom of the docker compose version 2 file.

volumes:
  # Named volume
  redis-data: 
    driver: local
networks:
  back-tier:
    driver: bridge
 

redis-data provides an accessible label from the services section. driver:local sets the volume to the local file system.

back-tier sets the networks section label to be accessible in the services section as bridged.

Docker Compose hello world

A very basic docker-compose.yml looks like this:

version: '2'
services:
  hello_world:
    image: ubuntu
    command: [/bin/echo, 'Hello world']
 

This file is making it so that there's a hello_world service, that's initialized from the ubuntu:latest image and that, when it's run, it just runs echo 'Hello world'

If you're on the folder directory (and it contains this docker-compose.yml file), you can do docker-compose up and you should see

Creating folder_hello_world_1
Attaching to folder_hello_world_1
hello_world_1 | Hello world
folder_hello_world_1 exited with code 0
 

This created the container from the ubuntu image, and ran the command that was specified on the docker-compose.yml

Docker-Compose uses the folder name as the project name to prefix containers and networks. To set another project name, you can either call docker-compose --project-name NAME {up|down|...} or you suppy a file called .env next to your docker-compose.yml and write COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME=name in it. Better avoid long project names with hyphens (-) because docker compose bahaves strange with this kind of names.

Note: docker-compose allows you to run multiple docker containers on a single host. If you want to run multiple containers on more than one node, please refer to solution such as swarm / kubernetes.

Install Docker Compose

1. Install Docker Engine.

If you get a Permission denied error, Run sudo -i before the two commands below, then exit.

2. Pull Docker Compose to /usr/local/bin/docker-compose .

curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.7.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
 

You can change version 1.7.1 to match your desired version. Try get version from https://github.com/docker/compose/releases

3. Apply executable permissions to the binary.

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
 

4. Test the installation.

docker-compose --version
 

Expected docker-compose version 1.7.1, build 0a9ab35

Installation

If you are running Docker on OS X or Windows, docker-compose should be included in your Docker for Windows or Docker Toolbox installation.

On Linux you can get the latest binaries straight from the GitHub release page: https://github.com/docker/compose/releases

You can install the specific release with the following commands:

curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.7.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
 

For more info please refer to documentation page

Ruby on Rails with docker-compose

If you want to use docker for rails app, and use database, you need to know that all the data in the docker container will be destroyed (unless you configure the container specifically for keeping data) Sometimes, you need to create a docker container with an application and attach it to an old container with a database.

As an example of rails application, I used a simple app. You can create it from command:

rails new compose-app --database=postgresql
 

Of course, you need to install rails, ruby, etc. beforehand.

Then, create Dockerfile in your project, and set this data to it:

FROM ruby:2.3.1
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential libpq-dev nodejs
RUN mkdir /compose-app
WORKDIR /compose-app
ADD Gemfile /compose-app/Gemfile
ADD Gemfile.lock /compose-app/Gemfile.lock
RUN bundle install
ADD . /compose-app
 

Next step - create docker-compose.yml with the data:

version: '2'
services:
  db:
    image: postgres
  web:
    build: .
    command: bundle exec rails s -e development -p 80 -b '0.0.0.0'
    volumes:
      - .:/compose-app
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    depends_on:
      - db
 

You can replace 80 port (-p 80 ) with another.

Develop section of database.yml config must be changed to:

development: &default
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: postgres
  pool: 5
  username: postgres
  password:
  host: db
 

Now you can build images from command:

docker-compose build
 

(Run this in project directory)

And start all from:

docker-compose up
 

If everything is done correctly, you will be able to see logs from rails in the console.

Close console. It will be working.

If you want to delete only the container with the rails application without the database, you need to run then in project directory:

docker-compose stop web
docker-compose build web
docker-compose up -d --no-deps web
 

New container with rails app will be created and launched.

Run command in docker-compose service

docker-compose run service-name command

If, for example, you wanted to run rake db:create in your web service, you'd use the following command:

docker-compose run web rake db:create