Partial application means calling a function with less arguments than it has and saving the result as another function (that waits for the rest of the arguments).
multiplyBy: Int -> Int -> Int
multiplyBy x y =
x * y
multiplyByTwo : Int -> Int -- one Int has disappeared! we now know what x is.
multiplyByTwo =
multiplyBy 2
> multiplyByTwo 2
4 : Int
> multiplyByTwo 4
8 : Int
As an academic sidenote, Elm can do this because of currying behind the scenes.