| Variables and scopes | Details |
|---|---|
| application | ServletContext instance |
| applicationContext | Spring ApplicationContext instance |
| flash | The flash object |
| grailsApplication | GrailsApplication instance |
| out | response writer for writing to the output stream |
| params | params object for retrieving request parameters |
| request | HttpServletRequest instance |
| response | HttpServletResponse instance |
| session | HttpSession instance |
| webRequest | GrailsWebRequest instance |