Tutorial by Examples: u

TL;DR == tests for reference equality (whether they are the same object) .equals() tests for value equality (whether they are logically "equal") equals() is a method used to compare two objects for equality. The default implementation of the equals() method in the Object class returns...

To read an XML file named UserDetails.xml with the below content <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <user> <name>Jon Skeet</name> <userID>8884321</userID> </user> We need a POJO class named U...

Server: Start, and wait for incoming connections //Open a listening "ServerSocket" on port 1234. ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(1234); while (true) { // Wait for a client connection. // Once a client connected, we get a "Socket" object // that c...

A double is a double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating point number. double example = -7162.37; double myDouble = 974.21; double anotherDouble = 658.7; double addedDoubles = myDouble + anotherDouble; // 315.51 double subtractedDoubles = myDouble - anotherDouble; // 1632.91 double scientif...

By default, any files that you save to Internal Storage are private to your application. They cannot be accessed by other applications, nor the user under normal circumstances. These files are deleted when the user uninstalls the application. To Write Text to a File String fileName= "hellowor...

Buttons can have a graphic. graphic can be any JavaFX node, like a ProgressBar button.setGraphic(new ProgressBar(-1)); An ImageView button.setGraphic(new ImageView("images/icon.png")); Or even another button button.setGraphic(new Button("Nested button"));

Don't just use Optional.get() since that may throw NoSuchElementException. The Optional.orElse(T) and Optional.orElseGet(Supplier<? extends T>) methods provide a way to supply a default value in case the Optional is empty. String value = "something"; return Optional.ofNullable(v...

Use the orElseThrow() method of Optional to get the contained value or throw an exception, if it hasn't been set. This is similar to calling get(), except that it allows for arbitrary exception types. The method takes a supplier that must return the exception to be thrown. In the first example, the...

Since Java 6, the recommended way to access an SQL-based database in Java is via the JDBC(Java DataBase Connectivity) API. This API comes in two packagages: java.sql and javax.sql. JDBC defines database interactions in terms of Connections and Drivers. A Driver interacts with the database, and pr...

Once we've gotten the Connection, we will mostly use it to create Statement objects. Statements represent a single SQL transaction; they are used to execute a query, and retrieve the results (if any). Let's look at some examples: public void useConnection() throws SQLException{ Connection ...

OptionalDouble, OptionalInt and OptionalLong work like Optional, but are specifically designed to wrap primitive types: OptionalInt presentInt = OptionalInt.of(value); OptionalInt absentInt = OptionalInt.empty(); Because numeric types do have a value, there is no special handling for null. Empt...

Enum can be considered to be syntax sugar for a sealed class that is instantiated only a number of times known at compile-time to define a set of constants. A simple enum to list the different seasons would be declared as follows: public enum Season { WINTER, SPRING, SUMMER, FA...

An enum cannot have a public constructor; however, private constructors are acceptable (constructors for enums are package-private by default): public enum Coin { PENNY(1), NICKEL(5), DIME(10), QUARTER(25); // usual names for US coins // note that the above parentheses and the constructor...

An enum can contain a method, just like any class. To see how this works, we'll declare an enum like this: public enum Direction { NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST; } Let's have a method that returns the enum in the opposite direction: public enum Direction { NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST; ...

String getText(String url) throws IOException { HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection(); //add headers to the connection, or check the status if desired.. // handle error response code it occurs int responseCode = conn.getResponseCod...

The Standard Edition of Java comes with some annotations predefined. You do not need to define them by yourself and you can use them immediately. They allow the compiler to enable some fundamental checking of methods, classes and code. @Override This annotation applies to a method and says that th...

One use of SharedPreferences is to implement a "Settings" screen in your app, where the user can set their preferences / options. Like this: A PreferenceScreen saves user preferences in SharedPreferences. To create a PreferenceScreen, you need a few things: An XML file to define the av...

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); //Scanner obj to read System input String inputTaken = new String(); while (true) { String input = scanner.nextLine(); // reading one line of input if (input.matches("\\s+")) // if it matches spaces/tabs, stop reading b...

Scanner scanner = null; try { scanner = new Scanner(new File("Names.txt")); while (scanner.hasNext()) { System.out.println(scanner.nextLine()); } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println("Exception occurred!"); } finally { if (scanner != nul...

Needed imports: import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem; import javax.sound.sampled.Clip; This code will create a clip and play it continuously once started: Clip clip = AudioSystem.getClip(); clip.open(AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(new URL(filename))); clip.start(); clip.loop(Clip.LOOP_CO...