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A sorting operation orders the elements of a sequence based on one or more attributes. OrderBy Sorts values in ascending order. Method Syntax // OrderBy var numbers = new int[] { 5, 4, 8, 2, 7, 1, 9, 3, 6 }; var ordered = numbers.OrderBy(n => n); // ordered = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...

Conversion operations change the type of input objects. AsEnumerable Returns the input typed as IEnumerable. Method Syntax // AsEnumerable int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; var nums = numbers.AsEnumerable(); // nums: static type is IEnumerable<int> Query Syntax // Not app...

Aggregation operations computes a single value from a collection of values. Aggregate Performs a custom aggregation operation on the values of a collection. Method Syntax // Aggregate var numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; var product = numbers.Aggregate(1, (acc, n) => acc * n);...

Quantifier operations return a Boolean value that indicates whether some or all of the elements in a sequence satisfy a condition. All Determines whether all the elements in a sequence satisfy a condition. Method Syntax // All var numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; bool areLessThan...

Grouping refers to the operations of putting data into groups so that the elements in each group share a common attribute. GroupBy Groups elements that share a common attribute. Method Syntax // GroupBy class Order { public string Customer { get; set; } public string Descriptio...

Partitioning refers to the operations of dividing an input sequence into two sections, without rearranging the elements, and then returning one of the sections. Skip Skips elements up to a specified position in a sequence. Method Syntax // Skip var numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; ...

Generation refers to creating a new sequence of values. DefaultIfEmpty Replaces an empty collection with a default valued singleton collection. Method Syntax // DefaultIfEmpty var nums = new int[0]; var numbers = nums.DefaultIfEmpty(); // numbers = { 0 } Query Syntax // Not appl...

Set operations refer to query operations that produce a result set that is based on the presence or absence of equivalent elements within the same or separate collections (or sets). Distinct Removes duplicate values from a collection. Method Syntax // Distinct var numbers = new int[] { 1,...

Two sequences whose corresponding elements are equal and which have the same number of elements are considered equal. SequenceEqual Determines whether two sequences are equal by comparing elements in a pair-wise manner. Method Syntax // SequenceEqual var numbers1 = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4,...

Element operations return a single, specific element from a sequence. ElementAt Returns the element at a specified index in a collection. Method Syntax // ElementAt var strings = new string[] { "zero", "one", "two", "three" }; var str = strings.E...

Tuples in Python are values separated by commas. Enclosing parentheses for inputting tuples are optional, so the two assignments a = 1, 2, 3 # a is the tuple (1, 2, 3) and a = (1, 2, 3) # a is the tuple (1, 2, 3) are equivalent. The assignment a = 1, 2, 3 is also called packing because it...

In a normal mathematical coordinate system, the point x=0, y=0 is at the lower left corner of the graph. But in the SVG coordinate system, this (0,0) point is at the top left corner of the ‘canvas’, it is sort of similar to CSS when you specify the position to absolute/fix and use top and left to co...

<rect> represents rectangle, apart from aesthetic properties like stroke and fill, rectangle shall be defined by location and size. As for the location, it is determined by the x and y attributes. The location is relative to the rectangle’s parent. And if you don’t specify the x or y attribut...

<svg> element is the root element, or the canvas as we are drawing charts on it. SVG elements can be nested inside each other, and in this way, SVG shapes can be grouped together, meanwhile, all shapes nested inside an element will be positioned relative to its enclosing element. One thing...

SVG doesn’t currently support automatic line breaks or word wrapping, that’s when comes to rescue. element positions new lines of text in relation to the previous line of text. And by using dx or dy within each of these spans, we can position the word in relation to the word before it. Case: Anno...

To generate an ActiveRecord model that automagically creates the correct db migrations & boilerplate test files for your model, enter this command rails generate model NAME column_name:column_type 'NAME' is the name of the model. 'field' is the name of the column in the DB table and 'type' i...

Components in Vue are like widgets. They allow us to write reusable custom elements with desired behavior. They are nothing but objects which can contain any/all of the options that the root or any Vue instance can contain, including an HTML template to render. Components consist of: HTML marku...

When you bind a service to your application credentials become available through the VCAP_SERVICES environment variable. This environment variable contains JSON containing the credentials for all bound services. Example VCAP_SERVICES environment variable { "push-reappt": [ { ...

String#replace can have a function as its second argument so you can provide a replacement based on some logic. "Some string Some".replace(/Some/g, (match, startIndex, wholeString) => { if(startIndex == 0){ return 'Start'; } else { return 'End'; } }); // will retur...

The command prompt comes pre-installed on all Windows NT, Windows CE, OS/2 and eComStation operating systems, and exists as cmd.exe, typically located in C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe On Windows 7 the fastest ways to open the command prompt are: Press , type "cmd" and then press Enter....