In Component(s):
props is an array of string literals or object references used to pass data from parent component. It can also be in object form when it is desired to have more fine grained control like specifying default values, type of data accepted, whether it is required or optional
data has to be a function which returns an object instead of a plain object. It is so because we require each instance of the component to have its own data for re-usability purpose.
events is an object containing listeners for events to which the component can respond by behavioral change
methods object containing functions defining the behavior associated with the component
computed properties are just like watchers or observables, whenever any dependency changes the properties are recalculated automatically and changes are reflected in DOM instantly if DOM uses any computed properties
ready is a Vue instance's life-cycle hook