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The JSON.parse() method parses a string as JSON and returns a JavaScript primitive, array or object: const array = JSON.parse('[1, 2, "c", "d", {"e": false}]'); console.log(array); // logs: [1, 2, "c", "d", {e: false}]

A replacer function can be used to filter or transform values being serialized. const userRecords = [ {name: "Joe", points: 14.9, level: 31.5}, {name: "Jane", points: 35.5, level: 74.4}, {name: "Jacob", points: 18.5, level: 41.2}, {name: "Jessie",...

A reviver function can be used to filter or transform the value being parsed. 5.1 var jsonString = '[{"name":"John","score":51},{"name":"Jack","score":17}]'; var data = JSON.parse(jsonString, function reviver(key, value) { return ke...

You can use a custom toJSON method and reviver function to transmit instances of your own class in JSON. If an object has a toJSON method, its result will be serialized instead of the object itself. 6 function Car(color, speed) { this.color = color; this.speed = speed; } Car.prototype.to...

JavaScript has two primary ways to represent binary data in the browser. ArrayBuffers/TypedArrays contain mutable (though still fixed-length) binary data which you can directly manipulate. Blobs contain immutable binary data which can only be accessed through the asynchronous File interface. Conver...

var data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACN' + 'byblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHx' + 'gljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='; var characters = atob(data); var array = new Uint8Array(characters.length); for (var i = 0; i < characters.length; i++) { array[i] ...

Template literals are a special type of string literal that can be used instead of the standard '...' or "...". They are declared by quoting the string with backticks instead of the standard single or double quotes: `...`. Template literals can contain line breaks and arbitrary expression...

The idea of bound and unbound methods was removed in Python 3. In Python 3 when you declare a method within a class, you are using a def keyword, thus creating a function object. This is a regular function, and the surrounding class works as its namespace. In the following example we declare method ...

Python 2.x2.2.0 New-style classes were introduced in Python 2.2 to unify classes and types. They inherit from the top-level object type. A new-style class is a user-defined type, and is very similar to built-in types. # new-style class class New(object): pass # new-style instance new = N...

#! /bin/bash i=0 while [ $i -lt 5 ] #While i is less than 5 do echo "i is currently $i" i=$[$i+1] #Not the lack of spaces around the brackets. This makes it a not a test expression done #ends the loop Watch that there are spaces around the brackets during the test (aft...

#! /bin/bash for i in 1 "test" 3; do #Each space separated statement is assigned to i echo $i done Other commands can generate statements to loop over. See "Using For Loop to Iterate Over Numbers" example. This outputs: 1 test 3

#! /bin/bash for i in {1..10}; do # {1..10} expands to "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10" echo $i done This outputs the following: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 10

In the same module Inside a module named "MyModule", Xcode generates a header named MyModule-Swift.h which exposes public Swift classes to Objective-C. Import this header in order to use the Swift classes: // MySwiftClass.swift in MyApp import Foundation // The class must be `public`...

If MyFramework contains Objective-C classes in its public headers (and the umbrella header), then import MyFramework is all that's necessary to use them from Swift. Bridging headers A bridging header makes additional Objective-C and C declarations visible to Swift code. When adding project files, ...

Supplying pow() with 3 arguments pow(a, b, c) evaluates the modular exponentiation ab mod c: pow(3, 4, 17) # 13 # equivalent unoptimized expression: 3 ** 4 % 17 # 13 # steps: 3 ** 4 # 81 81 % 17 # 13 For built-in types using modular exponentiation is only possible...

// use Write trait that contains write() function use std::io::Write; fn main() { std::io::stdout().write(b"Hello, world!\n").unwrap(); } The std::io::Write trait is designed for objects which accept byte streams. In this case, a handle to standard output is acquired with ...

Concatenate strings with the + operator to produce a new string: let name = "John" let surname = "Appleseed" let fullName = name + " " + surname // fullName is "John Appleseed" Append to a mutable string using the += compound assignment operator, or usi...

The -import-objc-header flag specifies a header for swiftc to import: // defs.h struct Color { int red, green, blue; }; #define MAX_VALUE 255 // demo.swift extension Color: CustomStringConvertible { // extension on a C struct public var description: String { return &q...

A module map can simply import mymodule by configuring it to read C header files and make them appear as Swift functions. Place a file named module.modulemap inside a directory named mymodule: Inside the module map file: // mymodule/module.modulemap module mymodule { header "defs.h&q...