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It is possible to create a function that accepts objects that implement a specific trait. Static Dispatch fn generic_speak<T: Speak>(speaker: &T) { println!("{0}", speaker.speak()); } fn main() { let person = Person {}; let dog = Dog {}; generic_speak(...

__FUNCTION__ returns only the name of the function whereas __METHOD__ returns the name of the class along with the name of the function: <?php class trick { public function doit() { echo __FUNCTION__; } public function doitagain() { echo __METHOD_...

__CLASS__ magic constant returns the same result as get_class() function called without parameters and they both return the name of the class where it was defined (i.e. where you wrote the function call/constant name ). In contrast, get_class($this) and get_called_class() functions call, will both ...

int[] arr = new int[] { 0, 10, 20, 30}; // Get Console.WriteLine(arr[2]); // 20 // Set arr[2] = 100; // Get the updated value Console.WriteLine(arr[2]); // 100

An array can be declared and filled with the default value using square bracket ([]) initialization syntax. For example, creating an array of 10 integers: int[] arr = new int[10]; Indices in C# are zero-based. The indices of the array above will be 0-9. For example: int[] arr = new int[3] {7,9,...

int[] arr = new int[] {1, 6, 3, 3, 9}; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) { Console.WriteLine(arr[i]); } using foreach: foreach (int element in arr) { Console.WriteLine(element); } using unsafe access with pointers https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-ca/library/y31yhkeb.asp...

Support for type hinting array parameters (and return values after PHP 7.1) was added in PHP 5.1 with the keyword array. Any arrays of any dimensions and types, as well as empty arrays, are valid values. Support for type hinting callables was added in PHP 5.4. Any value that is_callable() is valid ...

Type hinting for classes and interfaces was added in PHP 5. Class type hint <?php class Student { public $name = 'Chris'; } class School { public $name = 'University of Edinburgh'; } function enroll(Student $student, School $school) { echo $student->name . ' is b...

To remove an existing alias, use: unalias {alias_name} Example: # create an alias $ alias now='date' # preview the alias $ now Thu Jul 21 17:11:25 CEST 2016 # remove the alias $ unalias now # test if removed $ now -bash: now: command not found

Sometimes you may want to bypass an alias temporarily, without disabling it. To work with a concrete example, consider this alias: alias ls='ls --color=auto' And let's say you want to use the ls command without disabling the alias. You have several options: Use the command builtin: command...

[alias] logp=log --pretty=format:'%h %ad | %s%d [%an]' --graph --date=short lg = log --graph --date-order --first-parent \ --pretty=format:'%C(auto)%h%Creset %C(auto)%d%Creset %s %C(green)(%ad) %C(bold cyan)<%an>%Creset' lgb = log --graph --date-order --branches --first-paren...

In Objective-C, method swizzling is the process of changing the implementation of an existing selector. This is possible due to the way Selectors are mapped on a dispatch table, or a table of pointers to functions or methods. Pure Swift methods are not dynamically dispatched by the Objective-C run...

In this approach, the single is accessed via the static method: Singleton.getInstance(); To enforce only one instance of the singleton, a private static variable retains the instance, while any additional attempts to instantiate an instance are enforced within the constructor. package { publ...

To apply the last stash and remove it from the stack - type: git stash pop To apply specific stash and remove it from the stack - type: git stash pop stash@{n}

Math.random(); produces an evenly distributed random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive) Example output: 0.22282187035307288 0.3948539895936847 0.9987191134132445

function randomMinMax(min:Number, max:Number):Number { return (min + (Math.random() * Math.abs(max - min))); } This function is called by passing a range of minimum and maximum values. Example: randomMinMax(1, 10); Example outputs: 1.661770915146917 2.5521070677787066 9.4362709657...

function randomAngle():Number { return (Math.random() * 360); } Example outputs: 31.554428357630968 230.4078639484942 312.7964010089636

To ignore a file foo.txt in any directory you should just write its name: foo.txt # matches all files 'foo.txt' in any directory If you want to ignore the file only in part of the tree, you can specify the subdirectories of a specific directory with ** pattern: bar/**/foo.txt # matches all file...

Swift let webview = UIWebView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 320, height: 480)) Objective-C UIWebView *webview = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480)]; //Alternative way of defining frame for UIWebView UIWebView *webview = [[UIWebView alloc] init]; CGRect webviewFr...

The where method on any ActiveRecord model can be used to generate SQL of the form WHERE column_name IN (a, b, c, ...). This is achieved by passing an array as argument. As a simple example, we will use the following model: class Person < ActiveRecord::Base #attribute :first_name, :string ...