Tutorial by Examples: ti

Partial functions are often used to define a total function in parts: sealed trait SuperType case object A extends SuperType case object B extends SuperType case object C extends SuperType val pfA: PartialFunction[SuperType, Int] = { case A => 5 } val pfB: PartialFunction[SuperType,...

Partial functions are very common in idiomatic Scala. They are often used for their convenient case-based syntax to define total functions over traits: sealed trait SuperType // `sealed` modifier allows inheritance within current build-unit only case object A extends SuperType case object B exten...

Some JavaScript engines (for example, the current version of Node.js and older versions of Chrome before Ignition+turbofan) don't run the optimizer on functions that contain a try/catch block. If you need to handle exceptions in performance-critical code, it can be faster in some cases to keep the ...

Use .split to go from strings to an array of the split substrings: var s = "one, two, three, four, five" s.split(", "); // ["one", "two", "three", "four", "five"] Use the array method .join to go back to a string: s.split(&...

To detect whether a parameter is a primitive string, use typeof: var aString = "my string"; var anInt = 5; var anObj = {}; typeof aString === "string"; // true typeof anInt === "string"; // false typeof anObj === "string"; // false If you ev...

This demonstrates how to print each element of a Map val map = Map(1 -> "a", 2 -> "b") for (number <- map) println(number) // prints (1,a), (2,b) for ((key, value) <- map) println(value) // prints a, b This demonstrates how to print each element of a list val l...

var MyDict = new Dictionary<string,T>(StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)

The Scala compiler will automatically convert methods into function values for the purpose of passing them into higher-order functions. object MyObject { def mapMethod(input: Int): String = { int.toString } } Seq(1, 2, 3).map(MyObject.mapMethod) // Seq("1", "2", &...

using System.Runtime.InteropServices; class PInvokeExample { [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] public static extern uint MessageBox(IntPtr hWnd, String text, String caption, int options); public static void test() { MessageBox(IntPtr.Zero,...

Detailed instructions on getting domain-driven-design set up or installed.

In certain situations, data declarations can be performed inline. LOOP AT lt_sflight INTO DATA(ls_sflight). WRITE ls_sflight-carrid. ENDLOOP.

DATA begda TYPE sy-datum.

DATA: begda TYPE sy-datum, endda TYPE sy-datum.

A Map is a basic mapping of keys to values. Maps are different from objects in that their keys can be anything (primitive values as well as objects), not just strings and symbols. Iteration over Maps is also always done in the order the items were inserted into the Map, whereas the order is undefine...

The ToDictionary() LINQ method can be used to generate a Dictionary<TKey, TElement> collection based on a given IEnumerable<T> source. IEnumerable<User> users = GetUsers(); Dictionary<int, User> usersById = users.ToDictionary(x => x.Id); In this example, the single ar...

Display multiple plots in one image with the different facet functions. An advantage of this method is that all axes share the same scale across charts, making it easy to compare them at a glance. We'll use the mpg dataset included in ggplot2. Wrap charts line by line (attempts to create a square l...

ggplot2 works best with a long data frame. The following sample data which represents the prices for sweets on 20 different days, in a format described as wide, because each category has a column. set.seed(47) sweetsWide <- data.frame(date = 1:20, chocolate = run...

Arrays are objects, but their type is defined by the type of the contained objects. Therefore, one cannot just cast A[] to T[], but each A member of the specific A[] must be cast to a T object. Generic example: public static <T, A> T[] castArray(T[] target, A[] array) { for (int i = 0; i...

Because collections are typically covariant in their element type*, a collection of a subtype may be passed where a super type is expected: trait Animal { def name: String } case class Dog(name: String) extends Animal object Animal { def printAnimalNames(animals: Seq[Animal]) = { anima...

Java provides specialized Streams for three types of primitives IntStream (for ints), LongStream (for longs) and DoubleStream (for doubles). Besides being optimized implementations for their respective primitives, they also provide several specific terminal methods, typically for mathematical operat...