glsl Tutorial => Using of a Model-, View- and Projection matrix in...

Example

A simple OGL 4.0 GLSL shader program that shows the use of a model, view, and projection matrix The program is executed with a phyton script. To run the script, PyOpenGL and NumPy must be installed.

Projection matrix: The projection matrix describes the mapping of a pinhole camera from 3D points in the world to 2D points of the viewport. In this example we use a projection matrix with a field of view of 90 degrees.
View matrix: The view matrix defines the eye position and the viewing direction on the scene. In this example we are moving circular around the scene keeping a viewing direction to the center of the scene.
Model matrix: The model matrix defines the location and the relative size of an object in the scene. In this example the model matrices move the objects up and down.

Vertex shader

mvp.vet

#version 400

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inCol;

out vec3 vertCol;

uniform mat4 projectionMat44;
uniform mat4 viewMat44;
uniform mat4 modelMat44;

void main()
{
    vertCol = inCol;
    vec4 modolPos = modelMat44 * vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
    vec4 viewPos = viewMat44 * modolPos;
    gl_Position = projectionMat44 * viewPos;
}

Fragment shader

mvp.frag

#version 400

in vec3 vertCol;

out vec4 fragColor;

void main()
{
    fragColor = vec4( vertCol, 1.0 );
}

Phyton script

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
import numpy as np
from time import time
import math
import sys

# draw event
def OnDraw():
    currentTime = time()
    # set up projection matrix
    prjMat = perspective( 90.0, wndW/wndH, 0.5, 100.0) 
    # set up view matrix
    viewMat = Translate( np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32'), np.array( [0.0, 0.0, -8.0] ) )
    viewMat = RotateView( viewMat, [10.0, CalcAng( currentTime, 10.0 ), 0.0] )
    
    # set up tetrahedron model matrix
    tetModelMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    tetModelMat = RotateX( tetModelMat, -90.0 )
    tetModelMat = Scale( tetModelMat, np.repeat( 2.0, 3 ) )
    tetModelMat = Translate( tetModelMat, np.array( [-2.0, 0.0, CalcMove(currentTime, 6.0, [-1.0, 1.0])] ) )

    # set up icosahedron model matrix
    icoModelMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    icoModelMat = RotateX( icoModelMat, -90.0 )
    icoModelMat = Scale( icoModelMat, np.repeat( 2.0, 3 ) )
    icoModelMat = Translate( icoModelMat, np.array( [2.0, 0.0, CalcMove(currentTime, 6.0, [1.0, -1.0])] ) )
 
    # set up attributes and shader program
    glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST )
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT )
    glUseProgram( shaderProgram )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( projectionMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, prjMat )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( viewMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, viewMat )
    
    # draw tetrahedron
    glUniformMatrix4fv( modelMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, tetModelMat )
    glBindVertexArray( tetVAObj )
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, len(tetIndices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, tetIndices)

    # draw tetrahedron
    glUniformMatrix4fv( modelMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, icoModelMat )
    glBindVertexArray( icoVAObj )
    glDrawArrays( GL_TRIANGLES, 0, len(icoPosData) )
    
    glutSwapBuffers()

def Fract(val): return val - math.trunc(val)
def CalcAng(currentTime, intervall): return Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 360.0
def CalcMove(currentTime, intervall, range):
    pos = Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 2.0
    pos = pos if pos < 1.0 else (2.0-pos)
    return range[0] + (range[1] - range[0]) * pos
       
# read shader program and compile shader
def CompileShader( sourceFileName, shaderStage ):
    with open( sourceFileName, 'r' ) as sourceFile:
        sourceCode = sourceFile.read()
    nameMap = { GL_VERTEX_SHADER: 'vertex', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER: 'fragment' }    
    print( '\n%s shader code:' % nameMap.get(shaderStage, '') )
    print( sourceCode )
    shaderObj = glCreateShader( shaderStage )
    glShaderSource( shaderObj, sourceCode )
    glCompileShader( shaderObj )
    result = glGetShaderiv( shaderObj, GL_COMPILE_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( glGetShaderInfoLog( shaderObj ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderObj

# linke shader objects to shader program
def LinkProgram( shaderObjs ):
    shaderProgram = glCreateProgram()
    for shObj in shaderObjs:
        glAttachShader( shaderProgram, shObj )
    glLinkProgram( shaderProgram )
    result = glGetProgramiv( shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( 'link error:' )
        print( glGetProgramInfoLog( shaderProgram ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderProgram

# create vertex array opject
def CreateVAO( dataArrays ):
    noOfBuffers = len(dataArrays)
    buffers = glGenBuffers(noOfBuffers)
    newVAObj = glGenVertexArrays( 1 )
    glBindVertexArray( newVAObj )
    for inx in range(0, noOfBuffers):
        vertexSize, dataArr = dataArrays[inx]
        arr = np.array( dataArr, dtype='float32' )
        glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[inx] )
        glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, arr, GL_STATIC_DRAW )
        glEnableVertexAttribArray( inx )
        glVertexAttribPointer( inx, vertexSize, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None )
    return newVAObj 

def Translate(matA, trans):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i in range(0, 4): matB[3,i] = matA[0,i] * trans[0] + matA[1,i] * trans[1] + matA[2,i] * trans[2] + matA[3,i] 
    return matB

def Scale(matA, s):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 4): matB[i0,i1] = matA[i0,i1] * s[i0] 
    return matB

def RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, a0, a1):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    ang = math.radians(angDeg)
    sinAng, cosAng = math.sin(ang), math.cos(ang)
    for i in range(0, 4):
        matB[a0,i] = matA[a0,i] * cosAng + matA[a1,i] * sinAng
        matB[a1,i] = matA[a0,i] * -sinAng + matA[a1,i] * cosAng
    return matB

def RotateX(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 1, 2)
def RotateY(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 2, 0)
def RotateZ(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 0, 1)
def RotateView(matA, angDeg): return RotateZ(RotateY(RotateX(matA, angDeg[0]), angDeg[1]), angDeg[2])

def perspective(fov, aspectRatio, near, far):
    fn, f_n = far + near, far - near
    r, t = aspectRatio, 1.0 / math.tan( math.radians(fov) / 2.0 )
    return np.matrix( [ [t/r,0,0,0], [0,t,0,0], [0,0,-fn/f_n,-2.0*far*near/f_n], [0,0,-1,0] ] )

# initialize glut
glutInit()

# create window
wndW, wndH = 800, 600
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0)
glutInitWindowSize(wndW, wndH)
wndID = glutCreateWindow(b'OGL window') 
glutDisplayFunc(OnDraw) 
glutIdleFunc(OnDraw)

# define tetrahedron vertex array opject
sin120 = 0.8660254
tetPposData = [ 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, -sin120, -0.5, sin120 * sin120, 0.5 * sin120, -0.5, -sin120 * sin120, 0.5 * sin120,     -0.5 ]
tetColData = [ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, ]
tetIndices = [ 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 1, 1, 3, 2 ]
tetVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, tetPposData), (3, tetColData) ] )
tetInxArr = np.array( tetIndices, dtype='uint' )

# define icosahedron vertex array opject
icoPts = [
    [ 0.000,  0.000,  1.000], [ 0.894,  0.000,  0.447], [ 0.276,  0.851,  0.447], [-0.724,  0.526,  0.447],
    [-0.724, -0.526,  0.447], [ 0.276, -0.851,  0.447], [ 0.724,  0.526, -0.447], [-0.276,  0.851, -0.447], 
    [-0.894,  0.000, -0.447], [-0.276, -0.851, -0.447], [ 0.724, -0.526, -0.447], [ 0.000,  0.000, -1.000] ]
icoCol = [ [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [1.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.5, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 1.0] ]
icoIndices = [
  2,  0,  1,  3,  0,  2,  4,  0,  3,  5,  0,  4,  1,  0,  5, 11,  7,  6, 11,  8,  7, 11,  9,  8, 11, 10,  9, 11,  6, 10, 
  1,  6,  2,  2,  7,  3,  3,  8,  4,  4,  9,  5,  5, 10,  1,  2,  6,  7,  3,  7,  8,  4,  8,  9,  5,  9, 10,  1, 10,  6  ]
icoPosData = []
for inx in icoIndices:
    for inx_s in range(0, 3):
        icoPosData.append( icoPts[inx][inx_s] )
icoColData = []
for inx in range(0, len(icoPosData) // 9):
    inx_col = inx % len(icoCol)
    for inx_p in range(0, 3):
        for inx_s in range(0, 3):
                icoColData.append( icoCol[inx_col][inx_s] )
icoVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, icoPosData), (3, icoColData) ] )

# load, compile and link shader
shaderProgram = LinkProgram( [
        CompileShader( 'mvp.vert', GL_VERTEX_SHADER ), 
        CompileShader( 'mvp.frag', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER )
    ] )
projectionMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "projectionMat44")
viewMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "viewMat44")
modelMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "modelMat44")

# start main loop
startTime = time()
glutMainLoop()

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