Let's say you need to add a field to every document in a collection.
import pymongo
client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.mydb.mycollection
for doc in db.find():
db.update(
{'_id': doc['_id']},
{'$set': {'newField': 10} }, upsert=False, multi=False)
The find method returns a Cursor, on which you can easily iterate over using the for in syntax.
Then, we call the update method, specifying the _id and that we add a field ($set). The parameters
upsert and multi come from mongodb (see here for more info).