In case your project needs to be based on a specific Symfony version, use the optional second argument of the new command:
# use the most recent version in any Symfony branch
$ symfony new my_project_name 2.8
$ symfony new my_project_name 3.1
# use a specific Symfony version
$ symfony new my_project_name 2.8.1
$ symfony new my_project_name 3.0.2
# use a beta or RC version (useful for testing new Symfony versions)
$ symfony new my_project 3.0.0-BETA1
$ symfony new my_project 3.1.0-RC1
The installer also supports a special version called lts which installs the most recent Symfony LTS version available:
$ symfony new my_project_name lts
Read the Symfony Release process to better understand why there are several Symfony versions and which one to use for your projects.
You can also create symfony applications without the installer, but it was not an good idea. If you want anyway, follow the original tutorial on this link:
Oficial Symfony Docs, Configuring Symfony without the installer