Tutorial by Examples: in

int[] arr = new int[] { 0, 10, 20, 30}; // Get Console.WriteLine(arr[2]); // 20 // Set arr[2] = 100; // Get the updated value Console.WriteLine(arr[2]); // 100

An array can be declared and filled with the default value using square bracket ([]) initialization syntax. For example, creating an array of 10 integers: int[] arr = new int[10]; Indices in C# are zero-based. The indices of the array above will be 0-9. For example: int[] arr = new int[3] {7,9,...

Support for type hinting array parameters (and return values after PHP 7.1) was added in PHP 5.1 with the keyword array. Any arrays of any dimensions and types, as well as empty arrays, are valid values. Support for type hinting callables was added in PHP 5.4. Any value that is_callable() is valid ...

Since PHP objects don't inherit from any base class (including stdClass), there is no support for type hinting a generic object type. For example, the below will not work. <?php function doSomething(object $obj) { return $obj; } class ClassOne {} class ClassTwo {} $classOne= new...

Type hinting for classes and interfaces was added in PHP 5. Class type hint <?php class Student { public $name = 'Chris'; } class School { public $name = 'University of Edinburgh'; } function enroll(Student $student, School $school) { echo $student->name . ' is b...

const fs = require('fs'); const readline = require('readline'); const rl = readline.createInterface({ input: fs.createReadStream('text.txt') }); // Each new line emits an event - every time the stream receives \r, \n, or \r\n rl.on('line', (line) => { console.log(line); }); ...

const readline = require('readline'); const rl = readline.createInterface({ input: process.stdin, output: process.stdout }); rl.question('What is your name?', (name) => { console.log(`Hello ${name}!`); rl.close(); });

Objects will often depend on other objects. Instead of creating the dependency in the constructor, the dependency should be passed into the constructor as a parameter. This ensures there is not tight coupling between the objects, and enables changing the dependency upon class instantiation. This has...

Detailed instructions on getting spring-security set up or installed.

Note: GRAILS requires a Java JDK installed (a runtime environment JRE is not sufficient) on your system, before setting up Grails. Please refer to, how to install JDK. As of this writing, it is recommended to install the latest JDK. For Mac OSX, Linux, Cygwin, Solaris and FreeBSD: The simplest w...

There are multiple threads in your code and you need to safely communicate between them. You can use a Queue from the queue library. from queue import Queue from threading import Thread # create a data producer def producer(output_queue): while True: data = data_computation() ...

In Objective-C, method swizzling is the process of changing the implementation of an existing selector. This is possible due to the way Selectors are mapped on a dispatch table, or a table of pointers to functions or methods. Pure Swift methods are not dynamically dispatched by the Objective-C run...

git diff [HEAD|--staged...] --word-diff Rather than displaying lines changed, this will display differences within lines. For example, rather than: -Hello world +Hello world! Where the whole line is marked as changed, word-diff alters the output to: Hello [-world-]{+world!+} You can omit...

In this approach, the single is accessed via the static method: Singleton.getInstance(); To enforce only one instance of the singleton, a private static variable retains the instance, while any additional attempts to instantiate an instance are enforced within the constructor. package { publ...

Cocoa is Apple's API to develop apps for macOS, formerly known as OS X. Cocoa is a container framework, and contains three sub-frameworks. Foundation AppKit CoreData Cocoa Touch is Apple's version of Cocoa to develop apps for iOS, watchOS and tvOS. Cocoa Touch contains the same sub-framewo...

You can use git merge --squash to squash changes introduced by a branch into a single commit. No actual commit will be created. git merge --squash <branch> git commit This is more or less equivalent to using git reset, but is more convenient when changes being incorporated have a symbolic...

Applies the last stash without removing it from the stack git stash apply Or a specific stash git stash apply stash@{n}

function randomMinMax(min:Number, max:Number):Number { return (min + (Math.random() * Math.abs(max - min))); } This function is called by passing a range of minimum and maximum values. Example: randomMinMax(1, 10); Example outputs: 1.661770915146917 2.5521070677787066 9.4362709657...

function randomAngle():Number { return (Math.random() * 360); } Example outputs: 31.554428357630968 230.4078639484942 312.7964010089636

More complicated tests sometimes need to have things set up before you run the code you want to test. It is possible to do this in the test function itself, but then you end up with large test functions doing so much that it is difficult to tell where the setup stops and the test begins. You can als...