Tutorial by Examples: f

You can give alias names to a struct: typedef struct Person { char name[32]; int age; } Person; Person person; Compared to the traditional way of declaring structs, programmers wouldn't need to have struct every time they declare an instance of that struct. Note that the name Pers...

Build a text report showing the main classification metrics, including the precision and recall, f1-score (the harmonic mean of precision and recall) and support (the number of observations of that class in the training set). Example from sklearn docs: from sklearn.metrics import classification_re...

val str = "Hello!" if (str.length == 0) { print("The string is empty!") } else if (str.length > 5) { print("The string is short!") } else { print("The string is long!") } The else-branches are optional in normal if-statements.

If-statements can be expressions: val str = if (condition) "Condition met!" else "Condition not met!" Note that the else-branch is not optional if the if-statement is used as an expression. This can also been done with a multi-line variant with curly brackets and multiple el...

The when-statement is an alternative to an if-statement with multiple else-if-branches: when { str.length == 0 -> print("The string is empty!") str.length > 5 -> print("The string is short!") else -> print("The string is long!") ...

(This pitfall applies equally to all primitive wrapper types, but we will illustrate it for Integer and int.) When working with Integer objects, it is tempting to use == to compare values, because that is what you would do with int values. And in some cases this will seem to work: Integer int1_1 =...

1. Fix your contexts: Try using the appropriate context: For example since a Toast can be seen in many activities instead of in just one, use getApplicationContext() for toasts, and since services can keep running even though an activity has ended start a service with: Intent myService = new Inten...

The .format() method can interpret a number in different formats, such as: >>> '{:c}'.format(65) # Unicode character 'A' >>> '{:d}'.format(0x0a) # base 10 '10' >>> '{:n}'.format(0x0a) # base 10 using current locale for separators '10' Format integers to d...

union U { int a; short b; float c; }; U u; u.a = 10; if (u.b == 10) { // this is undefined behavior since 'a' was the last member to be // written to. A lot of compilers will allow this and might issue a // warning, but the result will be "as expected"; thi...

If you aren't sure whether a value is of the type you think it is, you can safely cast it using the as operator. If the value is not of that type, the resulting value will be null. object value = "-1"; int? number = value as int?; if(number != null) { Console.WriteLine(Math.Abs(nu...

public class Singleton { private static class InstanceHolder { static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton(); } public static Singleton getInstance() { return InstanceHolder.INSTANCE; } private Singleton() {} } This initializes the INSTANCE vari...

add_action('init' , function(){ echo 'i did something'; });

A generator is a combination of two things - an Iterator and an Observer. Iterator An iterator is something when invoked returns an iterable. An iterable is something you can iterate upon. From ES6/ES2015 onwards, all collections (Array, Map, Set, WeakMap, WeakSet) conform to the Iterable contract...

A Stream of items that are in turn streamable can be flattened into a single continuous Stream: Array of List of Items can be converted into a single List. List<String> list1 = Arrays.asList("one", "two"); List<String> list2 = Arrays.asList("three&quot...

It is sometimes useful to verify that your work on Developer edition hasn't introduced a dependency on any features restricted to Enterprise edition. You can do this using the sys.dm_db_persisted_sku_features system view, like so: SELECT * FROM sys.dm_db_persisted_sku_features Against the datab...

generate sample DF In [39]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 10, size=(5, 6)), columns=['a10','a20','a25','b','c','d']) In [40]: df Out[40]: a10 a20 a25 b c d 0 2 3 7 5 4 7 1 3 1 5 7 2 6 2 7 4 9 0 8 7 3 5 8 8 9 6 8 4 8 1 ...

from datetime import datetime import pandas_datareader.data as wb stocklist = ['AAPL','GOOG','FB','AMZN','COP'] start = datetime(2016,6,8) end = datetime(2016,6,11) p = wb.DataReader(stocklist, 'yahoo',start,end) p - is a pandas panel, with which we can do funny things: let's see what...

import os import glob import pandas as pd def get_merged_csv(flist, **kwargs): return pd.concat([pd.read_csv(f, **kwargs) for f in flist], ignore_index=True) path = 'C:/Users/csvfiles' fmask = os.path.join(path, '*mask*.csv') df = get_merged_csv(glob.glob(fmask), index_col=None, use...

You can iterate on the object returned by groupby(). The iterator contains (Category, DataFrame) tuples. # Same example data as in the previous example. import numpy as np import pandas as pd np.random.seed(0) df = pd.DataFrame({'Age': np.random.randint(20, 70, 100), 'Sex':...

Consider the utility class pattern: a class with only static methods and no fields. It's recommended to prevent instantiation of such classes by adding a private a constructor. This live template example makes it easy to add a private constructor to an existing class, using the name of the enclos...