Tutorial by Examples: lit

String and character literals provide an escape mechanism that allows express character codes that would otherwise not be allowed in the literal. An escape sequence consists of a backslash character (\) followed by one ore more other characters. The same sequences are valid in both character an st...

Integer literals provide values that can be used where you need a byte, short, int, long or char instance. (This example focuses on the simple decimal forms. Other examples explain how to literals in octal, hexadecimal and binary, and the use of underscores to improve readability.) Ordinary integ...

Kotlin has two types of string literals: Escaped string Raw string Escaped string handles special characters by escaping them. Escaping is done with a backslash. The following escape sequences are supported: \t, \b, \n, \r, \', \", \\ and \$. To encode any other character, use the Unicod...

In Kotlin strings are compared with == operator which chect for their structural equality. val str1 = "Hello, World!" val str2 = "Hello," + " World!" println(str1 == str2) // Prints true Referential equality is checked with === operator. val str1 = ""&q...

Boolean literals are the simplest of the literals in the Java programming language. The two possible boolean values are represented by the literals true and false. These are case-sensitive. For example: boolean flag = true; // using the 'true' literal flag = false; // using the 'fa...

String literals provide the most convenient way to represent string values in Java source code. A String literal consists of: An opening double-quote (") character. Zero or more other characters that are neither a double-quote or a line-break character. (A backslash (\) character alters t...

Directory structure: yourproject/ Cargo.lock Cargo.toml src/ main.rs writer.rs main.rs // This is import from writer.rs mod writer; fn main() { // Call of imported write() function. writer::write() // BAD writer::open_file() } w...

// An 8-bit 'byte' value: byte aByte = (byte)0b00100001; // A 16-bit 'short' value: short aShort = (short)0b1010000101000101; // Some 32-bit 'int' values: int anInt1 = 0b10100001010001011010000101000101; int anInt2 = 0b101; int anInt3 = 0B101; // The B can be upper or lower case. // A ...

The following example shows other ways you can use the underscore in numeric literals: long creditCardNumber = 1234_5678_9012_3456L; long socialSecurityNumber = 999_99_9999L; float pi = 3.14_15F; long hexBytes = 0xFF_EC_DE_5E; long hexWords = 0xCAFE_BABE; long maxLong = 0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffffL;...

The Null literal (written as null) represents the one and only value of the null type. Here are some examples MyClass object = null; MyClass[] objects = new MyClass[]{new MyClass(), null, new MyClass()}; myMethod(null); if (objects != null) { // Do something }...

In our last two examples, numpy assumed that a[0,:] was the first vector, a[1,:] the second, and a[2,:] the third. Numpy.cross has an optional argument axisa that allows us to specify which axis defines the vectors. So, >>> a=np.array([[1,1,1],[0,1,0],[1,0,-1]]) >>> b=np.array([0...

Floating point literals provide values that can be used where you need a float or double instance. There are three kinds of floating point literal. Simple decimal forms Scaled decimal forms Hexadecimal forms (The JLS syntax rules combine the two decimal forms into a single form. We treat t...

Once you have everything prepared to write your Unit Tests it is worth to mention about mocking. There is new framework called "SimpleStubs" which enables you to create mocks based on the interfaces. Simple case from GitHub documentation: //Sample interface: public interface IPhoneBook ...

The S in S.O.L.I.D stands for Single responsibility principle(SRP). Responsibility means in this context reasons to change, so the principle states that a class should only have one reason to change. Robert C. Martin stated it (during his lecture at Yale shool of management in 10 Sep 2014) as foll...

Let's say we have a String parameter and we want to split it by comma my_param="foo,bar,bash" To split this string by comma we can use; IFS=',' read -r -a array <<< "$my_param" Here, IFS is a special variable called Internal field separator which defines the char...

Character literals provide the most convenient way to express char values in Java source code. A character literal consists of: An opening single-quote (') character. A representation of a character. This representation cannot be a single-quote or a line-break character, but it can be an escap...

StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder() .detectActivityLeaks() .detectLeakedClosableObjects() .penaltyLog() .build());

This is a complete example of all the commonly used SQLite related APIs. The aim is to get you up and running really fast. You can also get a runnable PHP file of of this tutorial. Creating/opening a database Let's create a new database first. Create it only if the file doesn't exist and open it f...

P( glasses | reading ) = Count( reading glasses ) / Count( reading ) We count the sequences reading glasses and glasses from corpus and compute the probability.

The latest find is always the one the availability check will work against - a unsuccesful find will make AVAILABLE return false: DEFINE TEMP-TABLE tt NO-UNDO FIELD nr AS INTEGER. CREATE tt. tt.nr = 1. CREATE tt. tt.nr = 2. CREATE tt. tt.nr = 3. DISPLAY AVAILABL tt. // yes (tt w...