Tutorial by Examples: d

Let's have a basic failing program: #include <iostream> void fail() { int *p1; int *p2(NULL); int *p3 = p1; if (p3) { std::cout << *p3 << std::endl; } } int main() { fail(); } Build it (add -g to include debug info): g++ -g -o m...

Initializing std::array<T, N>, where T is a scalar type and N is the number of elements of type T If T is a scalar type, std::array can be initialized in the following ways: // 1) Using aggregate-initialization std::array<int, 3> a{ 0, 1, 2 }; // or equivalently std::array<int, 3...

Let's say we need to add a button for each piece of loadedData array (for instance, each button should be a slider showing the data; for the sake of simplicity, we'll just alert a message). One may try something like this: for(var i = 0; i < loadedData.length; i++) jQuery("#container&q...

One problem often seen in code is loading all the data. This will greatly increase the load on the server. Let's say I have a model called "location" that has 10 fields in it, but not all the fields are required at the same time. Let's say I only want the 'LocationName' parameter of that...

Let's take an example of a function which receives two arguments and returns a value indicating their sum: def two_sum(a, b): return a + b By looking at this code, one can not safely and without doubt indicate the type of the arguments for function two_sum. It works both when supplied with ...

Django comes with a number of builtin management commands, using python manage.py [command] or, when manage.py has +x (executable) rights simply ./manage.py [command] . The following are some of the most frequently used: Get a list of all available commands ./manage.py help Run your Django ser...

The cmath module is similar to the math module, but defines functions appropriately for the complex plane. First of all, complex numbers are a numeric type that is part of the Python language itself rather than being provided by a library class. Thus we don't need to import cmath for ordinary arith...

Use module_info on Erlang modules you wish to inspect: iex> :math.module_info [module: :math, exports: [pi: 0, module_info: 0, module_info: 1, pow: 2, atan2: 2, sqrt: 1, log10: 1, log2: 1, log: 1, exp: 1, erfc: 1, erf: 1, atanh: 1, atan: 1, asinh: 1, asin: 1, acosh: 1, acos: 1, tanh...

Inline expansion can be disabled with the go:noinline pragma. For example, if we build the following simple program: package main func printhello() { println("Hello") } func main() { printhello() } we get output that looks like this (trimmed for readability): $ go ...

Debugging with IEx.pry/0 is quite simple. require IEx in your module Find the line of code you want to inspect Add IEx.pry after the line Now start your project (e.g. iex -S mix). When the line with IEx.pry/0 is reached the program will stop and you have the chance to inspect. It is like a ...

The __info__/1 function takes one of the following atoms: :functions - Returns a keyword list of public functions along with their arities :macros - Returns a keyword list of public macros along with their arities To list the Kernel module’s functions: iex> Kernel.__info__ :functions [...

Use keyword lists for 'options'-style parameters that contains multiple key-value pairs: def myfunc(arg1, opts \\ []) do # Function body end We can call the function above like so: iex> myfunc "hello", pizza: true, soda: false which is equivalent to: iex> myfunc("he...

assert ['cat', 'dog', 'fish']*.length() == [3, 3, 4] Note that when mixing types in the collection if the method not exists on some of the elements, a groovy.lang.MissingMethodException could be thrown: ['cat', 'dog', 'fish',3]*.length() // it throws groovy.lang.MissingMethodException: No sign...

To run a command in a shell, in which you required buffered output (i.e. it is not a stream), use child_process.exec. For example, if you wanted to run the command cat *.js file | wc -l, with no options, that would look like this: const exec = require('child_process').exec; exec('cat *.js file | w...

In development, you may find that using require() on the same module multiple times always returns the same module, even if you have made changes to that file. This is because modules are cached the first time they are loaded, and any subsequent module loads will load from the cache. To get around ...

Some of the additional attributes are parsed by the npm website like repository, bugs or homepage and shown in the infobox for this packages { "main": "server.js", "repository" : { "type": "git", "url": "git+https:/...

We use this model from the first example: class Person(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) description = models.TextField() class Club(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) members = models.ManyToManyField(Person) Add Tom and Bill to the N...

Break and continue keywords work like they do in other languages. while(true) { if(condition1) { continue // Will immediately start the next iteration, without executing the rest of the loop body } if(condition2) { break // Will exit the loop completely } } ...

Occasionally, we may want to display dialogs with more than one pane of content. jQuery UI offers tabs that can be used in tandem with a dialog to make this possible. While it may be more common to have tabs within a dialog's content container, this example will demonstrate how to make a list of t...

Higher-order functions can be used to ensure that system resources are disposed, even when a treatment raises an exception. The pattern used by with_output_file allows a clean separation of concerns: the higher-order with_output_file functions takes care of managing the system resources bound to fi...