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Available in Django 1.9+ from django.contrib.postgres.fields import JSONField from django.db import models class IceCream(models.Model): metadata = JSONField() You can add the normal **options if you wish. ! Note that you must put 'django.contrib.postgres' in INSTALLED_APPS in your s...

Pass data in native Python form, for example list, dict, str, None, bool, etc. IceCream.objects.create(metadata={ 'date': '1/1/2016', 'ordered by': 'Jon Skeet', 'buyer': { 'favorite flavor': 'vanilla', 'known for': ['his rep on SO', 'writing a book'] }, ...

IceCream.objects.filter(metadata__ordered_by='Guido Van Rossum')

Get all ice cream cones that were ordered by people liking chocolate: IceCream.objects.filter(metadata__buyer__favorite_flavor='chocolate') See the note in the "Remarks" section about chaining queries.

An integer will be interpreted as an index lookup. IceCream.objects.filter(metadata__buyer__known_for__0='creating stack overflow') See the note in the "Remarks" section about chaining queries.

Python 3.x3.0 Python 3 added a new keyword called nonlocal. The nonlocal keyword adds a scope override to the inner scope. You can read all about it in PEP 3104. This is best illustrated with a couple of code examples. One of the most common examples is to create function that can increment: def c...

To iterate all files, including in sub directories, use os.walk: import os for root, folders, files in os.walk(root_dir): for filename in files: print root, filename root_dir can be "." to start from current directory, or any other path to start from. Python 3.x3.5 If ...

vimtutor is an interactive tutorial covering the most basic aspects of text editing. On UNIX-like system, you can start the tutorial with: $ vimtutor On Windows, “Vim tutor” can be found in the “Vim 7.x” directory under “All Programs” in the Windows menu. See :help vimtutor for further details...

You can create a TCP server using the socketserver library. Here's a simple echo server. Server side from sockerserver import BaseRequestHandler, TCPServer class EchoHandler(BaseRequestHandler): def handle(self): print('connection from:', self.client_address) while True:...

A UDP server is easily created using the socketserver library. a simple time server: import time from socketserver import BaseRequestHandler, UDPServer class CtimeHandler(BaseRequestHandler): def handle(self): print('connection from: ', self.client_address) # Get message and cli...

The only time the garbage collector is needed is if you have a reference cycle. The simples example of a reference cycle is one in which A refers to B and B refers to A, while nothing else refers to either A or B. Neither A or B are accessible from anywhere in the program, so they can safely be dest...

Removing a variable name from the scope using del v, or removing an object from a collection using del v[item] or del[i:j], or removing an attribute using del v.name, or any other way of removing references to an object, does not trigger any destructor calls or any memory being freed in and of itsel...

EXTENDED_ARG = 145 # All opcodes greater than this have 2 operands HAVE_ARGUMENT = 90 # All opcodes greater than this have at least 1 operands cmp_op = ('<', '<=', '==', '!=', '>', '>=', 'in', 'not in', 'is', 'is ... # A list of comparator id's. The indecies are used as opera...

Python is a hybrid interpreter. When running a program, it first assembles it into bytecode which can then be run in the Python interpreter (also called a Python virtual machine). The dis module in the standard library can be used to make the Python bytecode human-readable by disassembling classes, ...

To disassemble a Python module, first this has to be turned into a .pyc file (Python compiled). To do this, run python -m compileall <file>.py Then in an interpreter, run import dis import marshal with open("<file>.pyc", "rb") as code_f: code_f.read(8) # M...

Inventory is the Ansible way to track all the systems in your infrastructure. Here is a simple inventory file containing a single system and the login credentials for Ansible. [targethost] 192.168.1.1 ansible_user=mrtuovinen ansible_ssh_pass=PassW0rd

[targethost] 192.168.1.1 ansible_user=mrtuovinen ssh_private_key_file=~/.ssh/custom_key

This example creates a new file named "NewFile.txt", then writes "Hello World!" to its body. If the file already exists, CreateFile will fail and no data will be written. See the dwCreationDisposition parameter in the CreateFile documentation if you don't want the function to fa...

Using the timeit module from the command line: > python -m timeit 'for x in xrange(50000): b = x**3' 10 loops, best of 3: 51.2 msec per loop > python -m timeit 'from math import pow' 'for x in xrange(50000): b = pow(x,3)' 100 loops, best of 3: 9.15 msec per loop The built-in ** operato...

Enum constants are instantiated when an enum is referenced for the first time. Therefore, that allows to implement Singleton software design pattern with a single-element enum. public enum Attendant { INSTANCE; private Attendant() { // perform some initialization routine ...