Tutorial by Examples: nd

Similarly to the ?. operator, the null-conditional index operator checks for null values when indexing into a collection that may be null. string item = collection?[index]; is syntactic sugar for string item = null; if(collection != null) { item = collection[index]; }

public class SomeClass { public void DoStuff() { } protected void DoMagic() { } } public static class SomeClassExtensions { public static void DoStuffWrapper(this SomeClass someInstance) { someInstance.DoStuff(); // ok ...

When you want to catch an exception and do something, but you can't continue execution of the current block of code because of the exception, you may want to rethrow the exception to the next exception handler in the call stack. There are good ways and bad ways to do this. private static void AskTh...

public delegate int ModifyInt(int input); ModifyInt multiplyByTwo = x => x * 2; The above Lambda expression syntax is equivalent to the following verbose code: public delegate int ModifyInt(int input); ModifyInt multiplyByTwo = delegate(int x){ return x * 2; };

var zipcode = myEmployee?.Address?.ZipCode; //returns null if the left operand is null. //the above is the equivalent of: var zipcode = (string)null; if (myEmployee != null && myEmployee.Address != null) zipcode = myEmployee.Address.ZipCode;

var letters = "letters".ToCharArray(); char letter = letters[1]; Console.WriteLine("Second Letter is {0}",letter); //in the above example we take the second character from the array //by calling letters[1] //NB: Array Indexing starts at 0; i.e. the first letter would be give...

var letters = null; char? letter = letters?[1]; Console.WriteLine("Second Letter is {0}",letter); //in the above example rather than throwing an error because letters is null //letter is assigned the value null

The ConfigurationManager class supports the AppSettings property, which allows you to continue reading settings from the appSettings section of a configuration file the same way as .NET 1.x supported. app.config <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <configuration&gt...

Visual Studio helps manage user and application settings. Using this approach has these benefits over using the appSettings section of the configuration file. Settings can be made strongly typed. Any type which can be serialized can be used for a settings value. Application settings can be...

A task can be created by directly instantiating the Task class... var task = new Task(() => { Console.WriteLine("Task code starting..."); Thread.Sleep(2000); Console.WriteLine("...task code ending!"); }); Console.WriteLine("Starting task..."); t...

var tasks = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(n => new Task<int>(() => { Console.WriteLine("I'm task " + n); return n; })).ToArray(); foreach(var task in tasks) task.Start(); Task.WaitAll(tasks); foreach(var task in tasks) Console.WriteLine(task.Result); ...

var task1 = Task.Run(() => { Console.WriteLine("Task 1 code starting..."); throw new Exception("Oh no, exception from task 1!!"); }); var task2 = Task.Run(() => { Console.WriteLine("Task 2 code starting..."); throw new Exception("Oh ...

var task1 = Task.Run(() => { Console.WriteLine("Task 1 code starting..."); throw new Exception("Oh no, exception from task 1!!"); }); var task2 = Task.Run(() => { Console.WriteLine("Task 2 code starting..."); throw new Exception("Oh ...

Type constraints are able to force a type parameter to implement a certain interface or class. interface IType; interface IAnotherType; // T must be a subtype of IType interface IGeneric<T> where T : IType { } // T must be a subtype of IType class Generic<T> where T...

It is possible to specify whether or not the type argument should be a reference type or a value type by using the respective constraints class or struct. If these constraints are used, they must be defined before all other constraints (for example a parent type or new()) can be listed. // TRef mus...

A method can declare any number of parameters (in this example, i, s and o are the parameters): static void DoSomething(int i, string s, object o) { Console.WriteLine(String.Format("i={0}, s={1}, o={2}", i, s, o)); } Parameters can be used to pass values into a method, so that th...

Typically lambdas are used for defining simple functions (generally in the context of a linq expression): var incremented = myEnumerable.Select(x => x + 1); Here the return is implicit. However, it is also possible to pass actions as lambdas: myObservable.Do(x => Console.WriteLine(x)); ...

Declaring an Event You can declare an event on any class or struct using the following syntax: public class MyClass { // Declares the event for MyClass public event EventHandler MyEvent; // Raises the MyEvent event public void RaiseEvent() { OnMyEvent(); }...

The left-hand operand must be nullable, while the right-hand operand may or may not be. The result will be typed accordingly. Non-nullable int? a = null; int b = 3; var output = a ?? b; var type = output.GetType(); Console.WriteLine($"Output Type :{type}"); Console.WriteLine($&q...

String.Trim() string x = " Hello World! "; string y = x.Trim(); // "Hello World!" string q = "{(Hi!*"; string r = q.Trim( '(', '*', '{' ); // "Hi!" String.TrimStart() and String.TrimEnd() string q = "{(Hi*"; string r = q.TrimStart( '{...