Tutorial by Examples: r

Pointer conversions to void* are implicit, but any other pointer conversion must be explicit. While the compiler allows an explicit conversion from any pointer-to-data type to any other pointer-to-data type, accessing an object through a wrongly typed pointer is erroneous and leads to undefined beh...

It's fairly common that you may create a class that implements IDisposable, and then derive classes that also contain managed resources. It is recommendeded to mark the Dispose method with the virtual keyword so that clients have the ability to cleanup any resources they may own. public class Paren...

This example wraps the asynchronous method oauth2.client.getToken(callback) from the package NPM package simple-oauth2into a Fiber so that the method may be called synchronously. const oauth2 = require('simple-oauth2')(credentials); const credentials = { clientID: '#####', clientSecret...

Customer[] customers = Customers.ToArray(); Purchase[] purchases = Purchases.ToArray(); var groupJoinQuery = from c in customers join p in purchases on c.ID equals p.CustomerID into custPurchases select new { CustName = c.Name, custPurchases }; ...

ElementAt will return the item at index n. If n is not within the range of the enumerable, throws an ArgumentOutOfRangeException. int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; numbers.ElementAt(2); // 3 numbers.ElementAt(10); // throws ArgumentOutOfRangeException ElementAtOrDefault will return the item...

Quantifier operations return a Boolean value if some or all of the elements in a sequence satisfy a condition. In this article, we will see some common LINQ to Objects scenarios where we can use these operators. There are 3 Quantifiers operations that can be used in LINQ: All – used to determine w...

Streams of elements usually do not allow access to the index value of the current item. To iterate over an array or ArrayList while having access to indexes, use IntStream.range(start, endExclusive). String[] names = { "Jon", "Darin", "Bauke", "Hans", "M...

An interesting thing to note which may help optimize your applications is that primitives are actually also refcounted under the hood. Let's take a look at numbers; for all integers between -5 and 256, Python always reuses the same object: >>> import sys >>> sys.getrefcount(1) 7...

>>> import sys >>> a = object() >>> sys.getrefcount(a) 2 >>> b = a >>> sys.getrefcount(a) 3 >>> del b >>> sys.getrefcount(a) 2

Install haveged (example sudo apt-get install haveged) to speed up the random byte process. Then: gpg --gen-key gpg --list-keys outputs: pub 2048R/NNNNNNNN 2016-01-01 uid Name <[email protected]> sub 2048R/xxxxxxxx 2016-01-01 Then publish: gpg --keyserver pgp.mi...

Concatenation refers to the operation of appending one sequence to another. Concat Concatenates two sequences to form one sequence. Method Syntax // Concat var numbers1 = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }; var numbers2 = new int[] { 4, 5, 6 }; var numbers = numbers1.Concat(numbers2); // number...

Filtering refers to the operations of restricting the result set to contain only those elements that satisfy a specified condition. Where Selects values that are based on a predicate function. Method Syntax // Where var numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }; var evens = number...

A join of two data sources is the association of objects in one data source with objects that share a common attribute in another data source. Join Joins two sequences based on key selector functions and extracts pairs of values. Method Syntax // Join class Customer { public int Id ...

Projection refers to the operations of transforming an object into a new form. Select Projects values that are based on a transform function. Method Syntax // Select var numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; var strings = numbers.Select(n => n.ToString()); // strings = { "1...

A sorting operation orders the elements of a sequence based on one or more attributes. OrderBy Sorts values in ascending order. Method Syntax // OrderBy var numbers = new int[] { 5, 4, 8, 2, 7, 1, 9, 3, 6 }; var ordered = numbers.OrderBy(n => n); // ordered = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...

Conversion operations change the type of input objects. AsEnumerable Returns the input typed as IEnumerable. Method Syntax // AsEnumerable int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; var nums = numbers.AsEnumerable(); // nums: static type is IEnumerable<int> Query Syntax // Not app...

Aggregation operations computes a single value from a collection of values. Aggregate Performs a custom aggregation operation on the values of a collection. Method Syntax // Aggregate var numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; var product = numbers.Aggregate(1, (acc, n) => acc * n);...

Quantifier operations return a Boolean value that indicates whether some or all of the elements in a sequence satisfy a condition. All Determines whether all the elements in a sequence satisfy a condition. Method Syntax // All var numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; bool areLessThan...

Grouping refers to the operations of putting data into groups so that the elements in each group share a common attribute. GroupBy Groups elements that share a common attribute. Method Syntax // GroupBy class Order { public string Customer { get; set; } public string Descriptio...

Partitioning refers to the operations of dividing an input sequence into two sections, without rearranging the elements, and then returning one of the sections. Skip Skips elements up to a specified position in a sequence. Method Syntax // Skip var numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; ...