Tutorial by Examples: ti

import Data.Traversable as Traversable data MyType a = -- ... instance Traversable MyType where traverse = -- ... Every Traversable structure can be made a Foldable Functor using the fmapDefault and foldMapDefault functions found in Data.Traversable. instance Functor MyType where ...

The standard (section 23.3.7) specifies that a specialization of vector<bool> is provided, which optimizes space by packing the bool values, so that each takes up only one bit. Since bits aren't addressable in C++, this means that several requirements on vector are not placed on vector<bool...

When the following is compiled, it will return a different value depending on which directives are defined. // Compile with /d:A or /d:B to see the difference string SomeFunction() { #if A return "A"; #elif B return "B"; #else return "C"; #endif ...

Compiler warnings can be generated using the #warning directive, and errors can likewise be generated using the #error directive. #if SOME_SYMBOL #error This is a compiler Error. #elif SOME_OTHER_SYMBOL #warning This is a compiler Warning. #endif

Line #line controls the line number and filename reported by the compiler when outputting warnings and errors. void Test() { #line 42 "Answer" #line filename "SomeFile.cs" int life; // compiler warning CS0168 in "SomeFile.cs" at Line 42 #line defa...

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface Car:NSObject { NSString *CarMotorCode; NSString *CarChassisCode; } - (instancetype)initWithMotorValue:(NSString *) motorCode andChassisValue:(NSInteger)chassisCode; - (void) startCar; - (void) stopCar; @end @implementation Car...

C11 Reading an object will cause undefined behavior, if the object is1: uninitialized defined with automatic storage duration it's address is never taken The variable a in the below example satisfies all those conditions: void Function( void ) { int a; int b = a; } 1 (Quo...

// Convert string to ArrayBuffer. This step is only necessary if you wish to hash a string, not if you aready got an ArrayBuffer such as an Uint8Array. var input = new TextEncoder('utf-8').encode('Hello world!'); // Calculate the SHA-256 digest crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', input) // Wait fo...

6 var myIterableObject = {}; // An Iterable object must define a method located at the Symbol.iterator key: myIterableObject[Symbol.iterator] = function () { // The iterator should return an Iterator object return { // The Iterator object must implement a method, next() next: func...

dynamic foo = 123; Console.WriteLine(foo + 234); // 357 Console.WriteLine(foo.ToUpper()) // RuntimeBinderException, since int doesn't have a ToUpper method foo = "123"; Console.WriteLine(foo + 234); // 123234 Console.WriteLine(foo.ToUpper()): // NOW A STRING

using System; using System.Dynamic; dynamic info = new ExpandoObject(); info.Id = 123; info.Another = 456; Console.WriteLine(info.Another); // 456 Console.WriteLine(info.DoesntExist); // Throws RuntimeBinderException

You can use a colon and the standard numeric format syntax to control how numbers are formatted. var decimalValue = 120.5; var asCurrency = $"It costs {decimalValue:C}"; // String value is "It costs $120.50" (depending on your local currency settings) var withThreeDecimal...

Background TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles directly to JavaScript code. TypeScript files commonly use the .ts extension. Many IDEs support TypeScript without any other setup required, but TypeScript can also be compiled with the TypeScript Node.JS package from the command...

In this example, we illustrate string manipulation in MATLAB MEX. We will create a MEX-function that accepts a string as input from MATLAB, copy the data into C-string, modify it and convert it back to mxArray returned to the MATLAB side. The main objective of this example is to show how strings ca...

Since anonymous types are not named, variables of those types must be implicitly typed (var). var anon = new { Foo = 1, Bar = 2 }; // anon.Foo == 1 // anon.Bar == 2 If the member names are not specified, they are set to the name of the property/variable used to initialize the object. int foo ...

Using generic constructors would require the anonymous types to be named, which is not possible. Alternatively, generic methods may be used to allow type inference to occur. var anon = new { Foo = 1, Bar = 2 }; var anon2 = new { Foo = 5, Bar = 10 }; List<T> CreateList<T>(params T[] it...

arc4random_uniform(someNumber: UInt32) -> UInt32 This gives you random integers in the range 0 to someNumber - 1. The maximum value for UInt32 is 4,294,967,295 (that is, 2^32 - 1). Examples: Coin flip let flip = arc4random_uniform(2) // 0 or 1 Dice roll let roll = arc4random_...

What is Serialization Serialization is the process of converting an object's state (including its references) to a sequence of bytes, as well as the process of rebuilding those bytes into a live object at some future time. Serialization is used when you want to persist the object. It is also used b...

If you have cloned a fork (e.g. an open source project on Github) you may not have push access to the upstream repository, so you need both your fork but be able to fetch the upstream repository. First check the remote names: $ git remote -v origin https://github.com/myusername/repo.git (fetch...

Installing Visual Studio If you do not have Visual Studio installed, you can download the free Visual Studio Community Edition here. If you already have it installed, you can proceed to the next step. Creating an ASP.NET Core MVC Application. Open Visual Studio. Select File > New Project. ...