Tutorial by Examples: io

If your code encounters a condition it doesn't know how to handle, such as an incorrect parameter, it should raise the appropriate exception. def even_the_odds(odds): if odds % 2 != 1: raise ValueError("Did not get an odd number") return odds + 1

Use try...except: to catch exceptions. You should specify as precise an exception as you can: try: x = 5 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError as e: # `e` is the exception object print("Got a divide by zero! The exception was:", e) # handle exceptional case x = 0 final...

Sometimes you want to catch an exception just to inspect it, e.g. for logging purposes. After the inspection, you want the exception to continue propagating as it did before. In this case, simply use the raise statement with no parameters. try: 5 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError: print(&quo...

In the process of handling an exception, you may want to raise another exception. For example, if you get an IOError while reading from a file, you may want to raise an application-specific error to present to the users of your library, instead. Python 3.x3.0 You can chain exceptions to show how t...

Exception handling occurs based on an exception hierarchy, determined by the inheritance structure of the exception classes. For example, IOError and OSError are both subclasses of EnvironmentError. Code that catches an IOError will not catch an OSError. However, code that catches an EnvironmentErr...

Exceptions are just regular Python objects that inherit from the built-in BaseException. A Python script can use the raise statement to interrupt execution, causing Python to print a stack trace of the call stack at that point and a representation of the exception instance. For example: >>&gt...

Suggested Install Method Windows: Download and run the binary setup file. Linux(Debian): Run this command in your command line: $ apt-get install python-qt4 pyqt4-dev-tools qt4-designer OS X : Run this command in your command line: $ brew install pyqt Install Manually You can also downloa...

App.xaml.cs file (App.xaml file is default, so skipped) using Xamrin.Forms namespace NavigationApp { public partial class App : Application { public static INavigation GlobalNavigation { get; private set; } public App() { InitializeComponent()...

You can perform redirection in Rails routes as follows: 4.0 get '/stories', to: redirect('/posts') 4.0 match "/abc" => redirect("http://example.com/abc") You can also redirect all unknown routes to a given path: 4.0 match '*path' => redirect('/'), via: :get ...

Here is a full Activity class that places a Marker at the current location, and also moves the camera to the current position. There are a few thing going on in sequence here: Check Location permission Once Location permission is granted, call setMyLocationEnabled(), build the GoogleApiClient, ...

public class Foo { private IBar _iBar; public IBar iBar { set { _iBar = value; } } public void DoStuff() { _iBar.DoSomething(); } } public interface IBar { void DoSomething(); }

public class Foo { private readonly IBar _iBar; public Foo(IBar iBar) { _iBar = iBar; } public void DoStuff() { _bar.DoSomething(); } } public interface IBar { void DoSomething(); }

Sometimes you want to do something with the exception you catch (like write to log or print a warning) and let it bubble up to the upper scope to be handled. To do so, you can rethrow any exception you catch: try { ... // some code here } catch (const SomeException& e) { std::cout &l...

import pandas as pd import numpy as np np.random.seed(123) x = np.random.standard_normal(4) y = range(4) df = pd.DataFrame({'X':x, 'Y':y}) >>> df X Y 0 -1.085631 0 1 0.997345 1 2 0.282978 2 3 -1.506295 3

By default, all types in TypeScript allow null: function getId(x: Element) { return x.id; } getId(null); // TypeScript does not complain, but this is a runtime error. TypeScript 2.0 adds support for strict null checks. If you set --strictNullChecks when running tsc (or set this flag in you...

val num = 42d Print two decimal places for num using f println(f"$num%2.2f") 42.00 Print num using scientific notation using e println(f"$num%e") 4.200000e+01 Print num in hexadecimal with a println(f"$num%a") 0x1.5p5 Other format strings can be found ...

if ([object respondsToSelector:@selector(someOptionalMethodInProtocol:)]) { [object someOptionalMethodInProtocol:argument]; }

Oracle's CONNECT BY functionality provides many useful and nontrivial features that are not built-in when using SQL standard recursive CTEs. This example replicates these features (with a few additions for sake of completeness), using SQL Server syntax. It is most useful for Oracle developers findin...

An implicit conversion allows the compiler to automatically convert an object of one type to another type. This allows the code to treat an object as an object of another type. case class Foo(i: Int) // without the implicit Foo(40) + 2 // compilation-error (type mismatch) // defines how t...

Checking if session cookies have been created Session name is the name of the cookie used to store sessions. You can use this to detect if cookies for a session have been created for the user: if(isset($_COOKIE[session_name()])) { session_start(); } Note that this method is generally not ...