Tutorial by Examples: d

Modifying classes with agents

Firstly, make sure that the agent being used has the following attributes in the Manifest.mf: Can-Redefine-Classes: true Can-Retransform-Classes: true Starting a java agent will let the agent access the class Instrumentation. With Instrumentation you can call addTransformer(ClassFileTransformer...

Java Language • Java Agents

Adding an agent at runtime

Agents can be added to a JVM at runtime. To load an agent you will need to use the Attach API's VirtualMachine.attatch(String id). You can then load a compiled agent jar with the following method: public static void loadAgent(String agentPath) { String vmName = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBe...

Java Language • Java Agents

Disable Line Ending Normalization

Create a .gitattributes file in the project root containing: * -text This is equivalent to setting core.autocrlf = false.

Git • Using a .gitattributes file

Automatic Line Ending Normalization

Create a .gitattributes file in the project root containing: * text=auto This will result in all text files (as identified by Git) being committed with LF, but checked out according to the host operating system default. This is equivalent to the recommended core.autocrlf defaults of: input o...

Git • Using a .gitattributes file

construct() and destruct()

__construct() is the most common magic method in PHP, because it is used to set up a class when it is initialized. The opposite of the __construct() method is the __destruct() method. This method is called when there are no more references to an object that you created or when you force its deletion...

PHP • Magic Methods

OverloadedStrings

Normally, string literals in Haskell have a type of String (which is a type alias for [Char]). While this isn't a problem for smaller, educational programs, real-world applications often require more efficient storage such as Text or ByteString. OverloadedStrings simply changes the type of literals...

Haskell Language • Common GHC Language Extensions

UnicodeSyntax

An extension that allows you to use Unicode characters in lieu of certain built-in operators and names. ASCIIUnicodeUse(s)::∷has type->→function types, lambdas, case branches, etc.=>⇒class constraintsforall∀explicit polymorphism<-←do notation*★the type (or kind) of types (e.g., Int :: ★)&g...

Haskell Language • Common GHC Language Extensions

Sequenced expressions

The following expressions are sequenced: a && b a || b a , b a ? b : c for ( a ; b ; c ) { ... } In all cases, the expression a is fully evaluated and all side effects are applied before either b or c are evaluated. In the fourth case, only one of b or c will be evaluated. In the l...

C Language • Sequence points

Unsequenced expressions

C11 The following expressions are unsequenced: a + b; a - b; a * b; a / b; a % b; a & b; a | b; In the above examples, the expression a may be evaluated before or after the expression b, b may be evaluated before a, or they may even be intermixed if they correspond to several instruct...

C Language • Sequence points

Centralized Workflow

With this fundamental workflow model, a master branch contains all active development. Contributors will need to be especially sure they pull the latest changes before continuing development, for this branch will be changing rapidly. Everyone has access to this repo and can commit changes right to t...

Git • Analyzing types of workflows

Database Transactions with PDO

Database transactions ensure that a set of data changes will only be made permanent if every statement is successful. Any query or code failure during a transaction can be caught and you then have the option to roll back the attempted changes. PDO provides simple methods for beginning, committing,...

PHP • PDO

Local Function Documentation

In this example, documentation for the local function baz (defined in foo.m) can be accessed either by the resulting link in help foo, or directly through help foo>baz. function bar = foo %This is documentation for FOO. % See also foo>baz % This wont be printed, because there is a line w...

MATLAB Language • Documenting functions

Conversion to std::wstring

In C++, sequences of characters are represented by specializing the std::basic_string class with a native character type. The two major collections defined by the standard library are std::string and std::wstring: std::string is built with elements of type char std::wstring is built with e...

C++ • std::string

Hello World

<!doctype html> <html> <head> <title>Example Page</title> </head> <body> <% 'This is where the ASP code begins 'ASP will generate the HTML that is passed to the browser 'A single quote denotes a comment, so these lines are not exe...

asp-classic • Getting started with asp-classic

Keyword Lists

Keyword lists are lists where each item in the list is a tuple of an atom followed by a value. keyword_list = [{:a, 123}, {:b, 456}, {:c, 789}] A shorthand notation for writing keyword lists is as follows: keyword_list = [a: 123, b: 456, c: 789] Keyword lists are useful for creating ordered ...

Elixir Language • Lists

Lambda Functions

Lambda functions are anonymous functions which are usually created during a function call to act as a function parameter. They are declared by surrounding expressions with {braces} - if arguments are needed, these are put before an arrow ->. { name: String -> "Your name is $name&q...

Kotlin • Functions

Shorthand Functions

If a function contains just one expression, we can omit the brace brackets and use an equals instead, like a variable assignment. The result of the expression is returned automatically. fun sayMyName(name: String): String = "Your name is $name"

Kotlin • Functions

Installation - Development

If you want to develop and contribute to the Flask project, clone the repository and install the code in development mode. git clone ssh://github.com/pallets/flask cd flask python3 -m venv env source env/bin/activate pip install -e . There are some extra dependencies and tools to be aware ...

Flask • Getting started with Flask

Email Authentication Backend

Django's default authentication works on username and password fields. Email authentication backend will authenticate users based on email and password. from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model class EmailBackend(object): """ Custom Email Backend to perform authent...

Django • Authentication Backends

See documentation with `h`

iex(1)> h List.last def last(list) Returns the last element in list or nil if list is empty. Examples ┃ iex> List.last([]) ┃ nil ┃ ┃ iex> List.last([1]) ┃ 1 ┃ ┃ iex> List.last([1, 2, 3]) ┃ 3

Elixir Language • IEx Console Tips & Tricks