Example
function getContentTypes(site_url,name_of_the_library){
var ctx = new SP.ClientContext(site_url);
var web = ctx.get_web();
list = web.get_lists().getByTitle(name_of_the_library);
// You can include any property of the SP.ContentType object (sp.js), for this example we are just getting the name
ctx.load(list,'ContentTypes.Include(Name)');
ctx.executeQueryAsync(onQuerySucceeded, onQueryFailed);
}
function onQuerySucceeded(sender, args) {
// var list is the one that we used in function "getContentTypes"
var contentTypesEnumerator = (list.get_contentTypes()).getEnumerator();
while (contentTypesEnumerator.moveNext()) {
var contentType = contentTypesEnumerator.get_current();
alert(contentType.get_name());
}
}
function onQueryFailed(sender, args) {
alert('Request failed. ' + args.get_message() + '\n' + args.get_stackTrace());
}