(read as bangbang) is a shortcut to repeat the last command entered in console. It is especially useful to run previous command with some changes
adduser tom
adduser: Only root may add a user or group to the system.
Oh snap, what now? Well you could retype the command with sudo in front or you could try
sudo !!
equivalent to sudo "previous command entered"
This is especially useful if the command you just typed is especially long.
It can also be used to change a part of previous commands
cd path/to/wrong/directory
With
!!:s/wrong/right/
Will do
cd path/to/right/directory