The esri.css file does not include the CSS for various Dojo widgets or themes like tundra or claro; those files must be included separately. Exceptions are the Grid and RangeSlider, which are used by widgets in the API. Grid styles must be explicitly included.
For instance, this CSS file would be included via an additional link tag:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://js.arcgis.com/3.19/dijit/themes/claro/claro.css">
Legacy CSS
Prior to version 3.2, CSS files were appended to a page's DOM dynamically via JavaScript.
Dynamically appending CSS files makes overriding default styles cumbersome because CSS included via a link or style tag is parsed before JavaScript appends CSS to a page. This results in having to use !important to override default widget styles. Because widgets have been refactored to not dynamically append their CSS, !important is no longer necessary. API versions prior to 3.2 have not been modified so it is still necessary to use !important with older versions. Explicitly including CSS via a link tag instead of dynamically appending CSS also follows the convention used by components that ship with Dojo.