Tutorial by Examples: u

var a:Object; trace(a); // null trace(a.b); // Error 1009 Here, an object reference is declared, but is never assigned a value, be it with new or assignment of a non-null value. Requesting its properties or method results in a 1009 error.

x=anObject.aProperty.anotherProperty.getSomething().data; Here, any object before the dot can end up being null, and using methods that return complex objects only increases the complication to debug the null error. Worst case if the method is prone to extraneous failures, say retrieving data ove...

s=this.getChildByName("garbage"); if (s.parent==this) {...} getChildByName() is one of the many functions that can return null if an error occurred when processing its input. Therefore, if you are receiving an object from any function that can possibly return null, check for null first...

interface ITable { // an indexer can be declared in an interface object this[int x, int y] { get; set; } } class DataTable : ITable { private object[,] cells = new object[10, 10]; /// <summary> /// implementation of the indexer declared in the interface //...

To destroy, delete, or unset an array: unset array To destroy, delete, or unset a single array element: unset array[10]

sqldf() from the package sqldf allows the use of SQLite queries to select and manipulate data in R. SQL queries are entered as character strings. To select the first 10 rows of the "diamonds" dataset from the package ggplot2, for example: data("diamonds") head(diamonds) #...

Windows There are two options how to install Kivy: First ensure python tools are up-to-date. python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel setuptools Then install the basic dependencies. python -m pip install docutils pygments pypiwin32 kivy.deps.sdl2 kivy.deps.glew Although Kivy already has p...

Rescue from record not found error instead of showing an exception or white page: class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base # ... your other stuff here rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound do |exception| redirect_to root_path, 404, alert: 'Record not found' en...

The JsonPipe can be used for debugging the state of any given internal. Code @Component({ selector: 'json-example', template: `<div> <p>Without JSON pipe:</p> <pre>{{object}}</pre> <p>With JSON pipe:</p> <pre>{{object | json...

You can install three.js via npm: npm install three You can add it from a CDN to your HTML: <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/three.js/r83/three.js"></script> You can use the three.js editor to give it a try and download the project as an ex...

Detailed instructions on getting tfs set up or installed.

This validation restricts the insertion of only numeric values. class Player < ApplicationRecord validates :points, numericality: true validates :games_played, numericality: { only_integer: true } end Besides :only_integer, this helper also accepts the following options to add constrai...

This helper validates that the attribute's value is unique right before the object gets saved. class Account < ApplicationRecord validates :email, uniqueness: true end There is a :scope option that you can use to specify one or more attributes that are used to limit the uniqueness check: ...

This helper validates that the specified attributes are not empty. class Person < ApplicationRecord validates :name, presence: true end Person.create(name: "John").valid? # => true Person.create(name: nil).valid? # => false You can use the absence helper to validate th...

class Person < ApplicationRecord validates :name, length: { minimum: 2 } validates :bio, length: { maximum: 500 } validates :password, length: { in: 6..20 } validates :registration_number, length: { is: 6 } end The possible length constraint options are: :minimum - The attribut...

The special attribute __name__ of a function, class or module is a string containing its name. import os class C: pass def f(x): x += 2 return x print(f) # <function f at 0x029976B0> print(f.__name__) # f print(C) # <class '__main__.C'> print(C.__name__...

Overload resolution occurs after name lookup. This means that a better-matching function will not be selected by overload resolution if it loses name lookup: void f(int x); struct S { void f(double x); void g() { f(42); } // calls S::f because global f is not visible here, ...

You can create parser error messages according to your script needs. This is through the argparse.ArgumentParser.error function. The below example shows the script printing a usage and an error message to stderr when --foo is given but not --bar. import argparse parser = argparse.ArgumentParser...

Say we have the following tree: root - A - AA - AB - B - BA - BB - BBA Now, if we wish to list all the names of the elements, we could do this with a simple for-loop. We assume there is a function get_name() to return a string of the name of a node, a function get_children() t...

If you have your data stored in a list and you want to convert this list to a data frame the do.call function is an easy way to achieve this. However, it is important that all list elements have the same length in order to prevent unintended recycling of values. dataList <- list(1:3,4:6,7:9) ...