Tutorial by Examples: u

Numbers are monoidal in two ways: addition with 0 as the unit, and multiplication with 1 as the unit. Both are equally valid and useful in different circumstances. So rather than choose a preferred instance for numbers, there are two newtypes, Sum and Product to tag them for the different functional...

Wikipedia currently defines a pure function as follows: The function always evaluates the same result value given the same argument value(s). The function result value cannot depend on any hidden information or state that may change while program execution proceeds or between different executions...

Suppose we need to do the sum of each column in a dataset set.seed(20) df1 <- data.frame(ID = rep(c("A", "B", "C"), each = 3), V1 = rnorm(9), V2 = rnorm(9)) m1 <- as.matrix(df1[-1]) There are many ways to do this. Using base R, the best option would be col...

A common question is "I have a value of IO a, but I want to do something to that a value: how do I get access to it?" How can one operate on data that comes from the outside world (for example, incrementing a number typed by the user)? The point is that if you use a pure function on data ...

Suppose you have this type: data Person = Person { name :: String, age:: Int } deriving (Show, Eq) and two values: alex = Person { name = "Alex", age = 21 } jenny = Person { name = "Jenny", age = 36 } a new value of type Person can be created by copying from alex, specif...

The continue keyword halts the current iteration of a loop but does not terminate the loop. Just like the break statement the continue statement is situated inside the loop body. When executed, the continue statement causes execution to immediately jump to the loop conditional. In the followin...

Accepts a mathematical expression and returns a numerical value. It is especially useful when working with different types of units (e.g. subtracting a px value from a percentage) to calculate the value of an attribute. +, -, /, and * operators can all be used, and parentheses can be added to spec...

Returns the value of an attribute of the selected element. Below is a blockquote element which contains a character inside a data-* attribute which CSS can use (e.g. inside the ::before and ::after pseudo-element) using this function. <blockquote data-mark='"'></blockquote> I...

Find single record based on id. $model = User::findOne($id); Select single column based on id. $model = User::findOne($id)->name; Retrieve the single record from the database based on condition. $model = User::find()->one(); // give first record $model = User::find()->where(['i...

Steps to Create component: Create a folder named components in your project root folder Create your component inside components folder e.g.: MyComponent.php namespace app\components; use Yii; use yii\base\Component; use yii\base\InvalidConfigException; class MyComponent ...

Create function in MyComponent.php namespace app\components; use Yii; use yii\base\Component; use yii\base\InvalidConfigException; use yii\helpers\Url; use yii\helpers\ArrayHelper; use app\models\User; class MyComponent extends Component ...

Using ActiveCell or ActiveSheet can be source of mistakes if (for any reason) the code is executed in the wrong place. ActiveCell.Value = "Hello" 'will place "Hello" in the cell that is currently selected Cells(1, 1).Value = "Hello" 'will always place "Hello&...

Implementing the IEnumerable interface allows classes to be enumerated in the same way as BCL collections. This requires extending the Enumerator class which tracks the state of the enumeration. Other than iterating over a standard collection, examples include: Using ranges of numbers based on a...

So you've uploaded your files to a folder say /backend/web/uploads/ and you want these uploads to be visible on the frontend too. The easiest option is to create a symlink in the frontend that links to the backend: ln -s /path/to/backend/web/uploads/ /path/to/frontend/web/uploads In your views y...

The <algorithm> header provides a number of useful functions for working with sorted vectors. An important prerequisite for working with sorted vectors is that the stored values are comparable with <. An unsorted vector can be sorted by using the function std::sort(): std::vector<int&...

Trying to use several traits into one class could result in issues involving conflicting methods. You need to resolve such conflicts manually. For example, let's create this hierarchy: trait MeowTrait { public function say() { print "Meow \n"; } } trait WoofTrait {...

Note: it's strongly advised to use Composer. The instruction below is basically what Composer does for you. Download archive extension file of needed version from Github Open composer.json Find PSR-4 autoload section and remember it for e.g. kmit/select2 Extract files to corresponding fold...

SharedPreferences allows you to store primitive data types only (boolean, float, long, int, String, and string set). You cannot store more complex objects in SharedPreferences, and as such is really meant to be a place to store user settings or similar, it's not meant to be a database to keep user d...

ForEach() is defined on the List<T> class, but not on IQueryable<T> or IEnumerable<T>. You have two choices in those cases: ToList first The enumeration (or query) will be evaluated, copying the results into a new list or calling the database. The method is then called on each it...

Install Codeception: composer global status composer global require "codeception/codeception=~2.0.0" "codeception/specify=*" "codeception/verify=*" Install Faker: cd /var/www/yii // Path to your application composer require --de...