Tutorial by Examples: g

Segmentation When Intel was designing the original 8086, there were already a number of 8-bit processors that had 16-bit capabilities - but they wanted to produce a true 16-bit processor. They also wanted to produce something better and more capable than what was already out there, so they wanted t...

AMD is a processor manufacturer that had licensed the design of the 80386 from Intel to produce compatible - but competing - versions. They made internal changes to the design to improve throughput or other enhancements to the design, while still being able to execute the same programs. To one-up I...

When the x86 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs operations like NOT and ADD, it flags the results of these operations ("became zero", "overflowed", "became negative") in a special 16-bit FLAGS register. 32-bit processors upgraded this to 32 bits and called it EFLAGS, ...

The search pattern can also be a regular expression. Running: grep '^[A-Z]' someFile.txt When someFile.txt contains: fred 14 m foo sam 68 m bar christina 83 f baz bob 22 m qux Sam 41 m quux Will produce the output: Sam 41 m quux since this is the only line in someFile.txt starting wi...

Similarly to how we can assign a value to an object with an lvalue reference, copying it, we can also move the values from an object to another without constructing a new one. We call this move assignment. We move the values from one object to another existing object. For this, we will have to over...

The normal orElse method takes an Object, so you might wonder why there is an option to provide a Supplier here (the orElseGet method). Consider: String value = "something"; return Optional.ofNullable(value) .orElse(getValueThatIsHardToCalculate()); // returns "some...

sp_who2 This procedure can be used to find information on current SQL server sessions. Since it is a procedure, it's often helpful to store the results into a temporary table or table variable so one can order, filter, and transform the results as needed. The below can be used for a queryable v...

string nullString = null; string emptyString = ""; string whitespaceString = " "; string tabString = "\t"; string newlineString = "\n"; string nonEmptyString = "abc123"; bool result; result = String.IsNullOrEmpty(nullString); ...

Declaring a generic interface interface IResult<T> { wasSuccessfull: boolean; error: T; } var result: IResult<string> = .... var error: string = result.error; Generic interface with multiple type parameters interface IRunnable<T, U> { run(input: T): U; } ...

class Result<T> { constructor(public wasSuccessful: boolean, public error: T) { } public clone(): Result<T> { ... } } let r1 = new Result(false, 'error: 42'); // Compiler infers T to string let r2 = new Result(false, 42); // Compiler infers T...

Simple constraint: interface IRunnable { run(): void; } interface IRunner<T extends IRunnable> { runSafe(runnable: T): void; } More complex constraint: interface IRunnble<U> { run(): U; } interface IRunner<T extends IRunnable<U>, U> { runSafe...

In interfaces: interface IRunner { runSafe<T extends IRunnable>(runnable: T): void; } In classes: class Runner implements IRunner { public runSafe<T extends IRunnable>(runnable: T): void { try { runnable.run(); } catch(e) { } ...

Create generic class instance: var stringRunnable = new Runnable<string>(); Run generic function: function runSafe<T extends Runnable<U>, U>(runnable: T); // Specify the generic types: runSafe<Runnable<string>, string>(stringRunnable); // Let typescript figu...

Using the mmap module allows the user to randomly access locations in a file by mapping the file into memory. This is an alternative to using normal file operations. import mmap with open('filename.ext', 'r') as fd: # 0: map the whole file mm = mmap.mmap(fd.fileno(), 0) # print ...

The lubridate package provides convenient functions to format date and datetime objects from character strings. The functions are permutations of LetterElement to parseBase R equivalentyyear%y, %Ym (with y and d)month%m, %b, %h, %Bdday%d, %ehhour%H, %I%pm (with h and s)minute%Msseconds%S e.g. ymd(...

This will show the user type and permission path (which windows group the user is getting its permissions from). xp_logininfo 'DOMAIN\user'

You can alternatively use an Object Declaration that contains the main function for a Kotlin program. package my.program object App { @JvmStatic fun main(args: Array<String>) { println("Hello World") } } The class name that you will run is the name of you...

Similar to using an Object Declaration, you can define the main function of a Kotlin program using a Companion Object of a class. package my.program class App { companion object { @JvmStatic fun main(args: Array<String>) { println("Hello World") ...

From ES5.1 onwards, you can use the native method Array.prototype.filter to loop through an array and leave only entries that pass a given callback function. In the following example, our callback checks if the given value occurs in the array. If it does, it is a duplicate and will not be copied to...

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4]; Method 1 Creates a new array and overwrites the existing array reference with a new one. arr = []; Care must be taken as this does not remove any items from the original array. The array may have been closed over when passed to a function. The array will remain in mem...