Tutorial by Examples: an

If you are matching on an Option type: def f(x: Option[Int]) = x match { case Some(i) => doSomething(i) case None => doSomethingIfNone } This is functionally equivalent to using fold, or map/getOrElse: def g(x: Option[Int]) = x.fold(doSomethingIfNone)(doSomething) def h(x: ...

Some convenience functions to manipulate data.frames are subset(), transform(), with() and within(). subset The subset() function allows you to subset a data.frame in a more convenient way (subset also works with other classes): subset(mtcars, subset = cyl == 6, select = c("mpg", "...

Slices have both length and capacity. The length of a slice is the number of elements currently in the slice, while the capacity is the number of elements the slice can hold before needing to be reallocated. When creating a slice using the built-in make() function, you can specify its length, and ...

Using environment variables is a widely used way to setting an app's config depending on it environment, as stated in The Twelve-Factor App. As configurations are likely to change between deployment environments, this is a very interesting way to modify the configuration without having to dig in th...

public enum DayOfWeek { Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday } // Enum to string string thursday = DayOfWeek.Thursday.ToString(); // "Thursday" string seventhDay = Enum.GetName(typeof(DayOfWeek), 6); // "Satur...

Joins can also be used in an UPDATE statement: CREATE TABLE Users ( UserId int NOT NULL, AccountId int NOT NULL, RealName nvarchar(200) NOT NULL ) CREATE TABLE Preferences ( UserId int NOT NULL, SomeSetting bit NOT NULL ) Update the SomeSetting column of the Prefere...

As Array conforms to SequenceType, we can use map(_:) to transform an array of A into an array of B using a closure of type (A) throws -> B. For example, we could use it to transform an array of Ints into an array of Strings like so: let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] let words = numbers.map { Stri...

The things Array contains values of Any type. let things: [Any] = [1, "Hello", 2, true, false, "World", 3] We can extract values of a given type and create a new Array of that specific type. Let's say we want to extract all the Int(s) and put them into an Int Array in a safe ...

You can create a new hash with the keys or values modified, indeed you can also add or delete keys, using inject (AKA, reduce). For example to produce a hash with stringified keys and upper case values: fruit = { name: 'apple', color: 'green', shape: 'round' } # => {:name=>"apple",...

The background property can be used to set one or more background related properties: ValueDescriptionCSS Ver.background-imageBackground image to use1+background-colorBackground color to apply1+background-positionBackground image's position1+background-sizeBackground image's size3+background-repeat...

Nginx is a Web server used to serve HTTP requests over the Internet. Nginx is available on Linux, Windows and other OSes as direct download, and can also be built from source. For detailed instructions see Nginx official reference. ubuntu/debian nginx stable version is available in official repo,...

// The Option type can either contain Some value or None. fn find(value: i32, slice: &[i32]) -> Option<usize> { for (index, &element) in slice.iter().enumerate() { if element == value { // Return a value (wrapped in Some). return Some(index);...

To apply a function to every item in an array, use array_map(). This will return a new array. $array = array(1,2,3,4,5); //each array item is iterated over and gets stored in the function parameter. $newArray = array_map(function($item) { return $item + 1; }, $array); $newArray now is a...

If the variable contains a value of an immutable type (e.g. a string) then it is okay to assign a default value like this class Rectangle(object): def __init__(self, width, height, color='blue'): self.width = width self.height = height self.color = color d...

Whenever you attempt to retrieve a certain field from a class like so: $animal = new Animal(); $height = $animal->height; PHP invokes the magic method __get($name), with $name equal to "height" in this case. Writing to a class field like so: $animal->height = 10; Will invoke...

A binary is a sequence of unsigned 8-bit bytes. 1> <<1,2,3,255>>. <<1,2,3,255>> 2> <<256,257,258>>. <<0,1,2>> 3> <<"hello","world">>. <<"helloworld">> A bitstring is a generalized ...

.rds and .Rdata (also known as .rda) files can be used to store R objects in a format native to R. There are multiple advantages of saving this way when contrasted with non-native storage approaches, e.g. write.table: It is faster to restore the data to R It keeps R specific information encoded ...

Ansible maintains a PPA repository that can be used to install the Ansible binaries: sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ansible/ansible -y sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install ansible -y To install a specific version, use pip. The PPA may be out of date.

There are two main ways way to install Ansible on OS X, either using the Homebrew or Pip package manager. If you have homebrew, the latest Ansible can be installed using the following command: brew install ansible To install Ansible 1.9.X branch use following command: brew install homebrew/ver...

CSS div { height: 100px; width: 100px; border: 1px solid; transition-property: height, width; transition-duration: 1s, 500ms; transition-timing-function: linear; transition-delay: 0s, 1s; } div:hover { height: 200px; width: 200px; } HTML <div></div> ...