Tutorial by Examples

Jumps to the end of the smallest enclosing loop. int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) { int x; std::cin >> x; if (x < 0) continue; sum += x; // equivalent to: if (x >= 0) sum += x; }

C++11 Yields the type of its operand, which is not evaluated. If the operand e is a name without any additional parentheses, then decltype(e) is the declared type of e. int x = 42; std::vector<decltype(x)> v(100, x); // v is a vector<int> If the operand e is a class member...

In a switch statement, introduces a label that will be jumped to if the condition's value is not equal to any of the case labels' values. char c = getchar(); bool confirmed; switch (c) { case 'y': confirmed = true; break; case 'n': confirmed = false; break; default: ...

Open-source implementation for .NET and Mono written in C#, licensed under Apache License 2.0. It relies on DLR (Dynamic Language Runtime). It supports only version 2.7, version 3 is currently being developped. Differences with CPython: Tight integration with .NET Framework. Strings are Unicode...

Open-source implementation for JVM written in Java, licensed under Python Software Foundation License. It supports only version 2.7, version 3 is currently being developped. Differences with CPython: Tight integration with JVM. Strings are Unicode. Does not support extensions for CPython writt...

A named style requires the x:Key property to be set and applies only to elements that explicitly reference it by name: <StackPanel> <StackPanel.Resources> <Style x:Key="MyTextBlockStyle" TargetType="TextBlock"> <Setter Property=&qu...

An implicit style applies to all elements of a given type within scope. An implicit style can omit x:Key since it is implicitly the same as the style's TargetType property. <StackPanel> <StackPanel.Resources> <Style TargetType="TextBlock"> <...

It is common to need a base style that defines properties/values shared between multiple styles belonging to the same control, especially for something like TextBlock. This is accomplished by using the BasedOn property. Values are inherited and then can be overridden. <Style x:Key="BaseText...

A PDF document may contain the following standard types of signatures: Any number of approval signatures in signature form fields. At most one certification signature in a signature form field. It enables the author to specify what changes shall be permitted to be made to the document and what c...

In the Adobe technical white paper Adobe Acrobat 9 Digital Signatures, Changes and Improvements, especially its section "Allowed and disallowed changes", Adobe clarifies the allowed changes (as seen by Acrobat 9 and up) that can be made to a certified or signed document without invalidatin...

The specification says: A byte range digest shall be computed over a range of bytes in the file, that shall be indicated by the ByteRange entry in the signature dictionary. This range should be the entire file, including the signature dictionary but excluding the signature value itself (the Conte...

page.xml <Page xmlns="http://schemas.nativescript.org/tns.xsd" navigatingTo="navigatingTo"> <Repeater items="{{ myItems }}"> <Repeater.itemTemplate> <Label text="{{ title || 'Downloading...' }}" textWrap="true&quot...

page.xml <Page xmlns="http://schemas.nativescript.org/tns.xsd" navigatingTo="navigatingTo"> <Repeater items="{{ myItems }}"> <Repeater.itemTemplate> <Label text="{{ title || 'Downloading...' }}" textWrap="true&quot...

page.xml <Page xmlns="http://schemas.nativescript.org/tns.xsd" navigatingTo="navigatingTo"> <ListView items="{{ myItems }}" itemTap="listViewItemTap"> <ListView.itemTemplate> <Label text="{{ title || 'Downloading.....

creating-listview.component.html <ListView [items]="countries" (itemTap)="onItemTap($event)"> <template let-country="item" let-i="index"> <StackLayout orientation="horizontal"> <Label [text]='(i + 1) +...

ngfor.component.html <StackLayout> <Label *ngFor="let item of items" [text]="item"></Label> </StackLayout> ngfor.component.ts import { Component } from "@angular/core"; var dataItems = ["data-item 1", "data-item 2&quo...

Phantom types are useful for dealing with data, that has identical representations but isn't logically of the same type. A good example is dealing with currencies. If you work with currencies you absolutely never want to e.g. add two amounts of different currencies. What would the result currency o...

The following class can be used as a single class that can handle GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, and other requests: class APIResponseObject{ int responseCode; String response; APIResponseObject(int responseCode,String response) { this.responseCode = responseCode; ...

Basics A Queue is a collection for holding elements prior to processing. Queues typically, but not necessarily, order elements in a FIFO (first-in-first-out) manner. Head of the queue is the element that would be removed by a call to remove or poll. In a FIFO queue, all new elements are inserted a...

The C++17 standard is feature complete and has been proposed for standardization. In compilers with experimental support for these features, it is usually referred to as C++1z. Language Extensions Fold Expressions declaring non-type template arguments with auto Guaranteed copy elision Templat...