html5-canvas Animation Easing using Robert Penners equations

Example

An easing causes some variable to change unevenly over a duration.

"variable" must be able to be expressed as a number, and can represent a remarkable variety of things:

• an X-coordinate,
• a rectangle's width,
• an angle of rotation,
• the red component of an R,G,B color.
• anything that can be expressed as a number.

"duration" must be able to be expressed as a number and can also be a variety of things:

• a period of time,
• a distance to be travelled,
• a quantity of animation loops to be executed,
• anything that can be expressed as

"unevenly" means that the variable progresses from beginning to ending values unevenly:

• faster at the beginning & slower at the ending -- or visa-versa,
• overshoots the ending but backs up to the ending as the duration finishes,
• repeatedly advances/retreats elastically during the duration,
• "bounces" off the ending while coming to rest as the duration finishes.

Attribution: Robert Penner has created the "gold standard" of easing functions.

Cite: https://github.com/danro/jquery-easing/blob/master/jquery.easing.js

// t: elapsed time inside duration (currentTime-startTime), 
// b: beginning value,
// c: total change from beginning value (endingValue-startingValue),
// d: total duration
var Easings={
    easeInQuad: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return c*(t/=d)*t + b;
    },
    easeOutQuad: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return -c *(t/=d)*(t-2) + b;
    },
    easeInOutQuad: function (t, b, c, d) {
      if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t + b;
      return -c/2 * ((--t)*(t-2) - 1) + b;
    },
    easeInCubic: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return c*(t/=d)*t*t + b;
    },
    easeOutCubic: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*t + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutCubic: function (t, b, c, d) {
      if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t + b;
      return c/2*((t-=2)*t*t + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInQuart: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t + b;
    },
    easeOutQuart: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return -c * ((t=t/d-1)*t*t*t - 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutQuart: function (t, b, c, d) {
      if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t*t + b;
      return -c/2 * ((t-=2)*t*t*t - 2) + b;
    },
    easeInQuint: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t*t + b;
    },
    easeOutQuint: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*t*t*t + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutQuint: function (t, b, c, d) {
      if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*t*t*t*t*t + b;
      return c/2*((t-=2)*t*t*t*t + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInSine: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return -c * Math.cos(t/d * (Math.PI/2)) + c + b;
    },
    easeOutSine: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return c * Math.sin(t/d * (Math.PI/2)) + b;
    },
    easeInOutSine: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return -c/2 * (Math.cos(Math.PI*t/d) - 1) + b;
    },
    easeInExpo: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return (t==0) ? b : c * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t/d - 1)) + b;
    },
    easeOutExpo: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return (t==d) ? b+c : c * (-Math.pow(2, -10 * t/d) + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutExpo: function (t, b, c, d) {
      if (t==0) return b;
      if (t==d) return b+c;
      if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2 * Math.pow(2, 10 * (t - 1)) + b;
      return c/2 * (-Math.pow(2, -10 * --t) + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInCirc: function (t, b, c, d) { 
      return -c * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t/=d)*t) - 1) + b;
    },
    easeOutCirc: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return c * Math.sqrt(1 - (t=t/d-1)*t) + b;
    },
    easeInOutCirc: function (t, b, c, d) {
      if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return -c/2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - t*t) - 1) + b;
      return c/2 * (Math.sqrt(1 - (t-=2)*t) + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInElastic: function (t, b, c, d) {
      var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
      if (t==0) return b;  if ((t/=d)==1) return b+c;  if (!p) p=d*.3;
      if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
      else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
      return -(a*Math.pow(2,10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )) + b;
    },
    easeOutElastic: function (t, b, c, d) {
      var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
      if (t==0) return b;  if ((t/=d)==1) return b+c;  if (!p) p=d*.3;
      if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
      else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
      return a*Math.pow(2,-10*t) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p ) + c + b;
    },
    easeInOutElastic: function (t, b, c, d) {
      var s=1.70158;var p=0;var a=c;
      if (t==0) return b;  if ((t/=d/2)==2) return b+c;  if (!p) p=d*(.3*1.5);
      if (a < Math.abs(c)) { a=c; var s=p/4; }
      else var s = p/(2*Math.PI) * Math.asin (c/a);
      if (t < 1) return -.5*(a*Math.pow(2,10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )) + b;
      return a*Math.pow(2,-10*(t-=1)) * Math.sin( (t*d-s)*(2*Math.PI)/p )*.5 + c + b;
    },
    easeInBack: function (t, b, c, d, s) {
      if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
      return c*(t/=d)*t*((s+1)*t - s) + b;
    },
    easeOutBack: function (t, b, c, d, s) {
      if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158;
      return c*((t=t/d-1)*t*((s+1)*t + s) + 1) + b;
    },
    easeInOutBack: function (t, b, c, d, s) {
      if (s == undefined) s = 1.70158; 
      if ((t/=d/2) < 1) return c/2*(t*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t - s)) + b;
      return c/2*((t-=2)*t*(((s*=(1.525))+1)*t + s) + 2) + b;
    },
    easeInBounce: function (t, b, c, d) {
      return c - Easings.easeOutBounce (d-t, 0, c, d) + b;
    },
    easeOutBounce: function (t, b, c, d) {
      if ((t/=d) < (1/2.75)) {
        return c*(7.5625*t*t) + b;
      } else if (t < (2/2.75)) {
        return c*(7.5625*(t-=(1.5/2.75))*t + .75) + b;
      } else if (t < (2.5/2.75)) {
        return c*(7.5625*(t-=(2.25/2.75))*t + .9375) + b;
      } else {
        return c*(7.5625*(t-=(2.625/2.75))*t + .984375) + b;
      }
    },
    easeInOutBounce: function (t, b, c, d) {
      if (t < d/2) return Easings.easeInBounce (t*2, 0, c, d) * .5 + b;
      return Easings.easeOutBounce (t*2-d, 0, c, d) * .5 + c*.5 + b;
    },
};

Example Usage:

// include the Easings object from above
var Easings = ...

// Demo
var startTime;
var beginningValue=50;  // beginning x-coordinate
var endingValue=450;    // ending x-coordinate
var totalChange=endingValue-beginningValue;
var totalDuration=3000; // ms

var keys=Object.keys(Easings);
ctx.textBaseline='middle';
requestAnimationFrame(animate);

function animate(time){
    var PI2=Math.PI*2;
    if(!startTime){startTime=time;}
    var elapsedTime=Math.min(time-startTime,totalDuration);
    ctx.clearRect(0,0,cw,ch);
    ctx.beginPath();
    for(var y=0;y<keys.length;y++){
        var key=keys[y];
        var easing=Easings[key];
        var easedX=easing(
            elapsedTime,beginningValue,totalChange,totalDuration);
        if(easedX>endingValue){easedX=endingValue;}
        ctx.moveTo(easedX,y*15);
        ctx.arc(easedX,y*15+10,5,0,PI2);
        ctx.fillText(key,460,y*15+10-1);
    }
    ctx.fill();
    if(time<startTime+totalDuration){
        requestAnimationFrame(animate);
    }
}