algorithm Equation Solving Linear Equation
Example
There are two classes of methods for solving Linear Equations:
-
Direct Methods: Common characteristics of direct methods are that they transform the original equation into equivalent equations that can be solved more easily, means we get solve directly from an equation.
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Iterative Method: Iterative or Indirect Methods, start with a guess of the solution and then repeatedly refine the solution until a certain convergence criterion is reached. Iterative methods are generally less efficient than direct methods because large number of operations required. Example- Jacobi's Iteration Method, Gauss-Seidal Iteration Method.
Implementation in C-
//Implementation of Jacobi's Method
void JacobisMethod(int n, double x[n], double b[n], double a[n][n]){
double Nx[n]; //modified form of variables
int rootFound=0; //flag
int i, j;
while(!rootFound){
for(i=0; i<n; i++){ //calculation
Nx[i]=b[i];
for(j=0; j<n; j++){
if(i!=j) Nx[i] = Nx[i]-a[i][j]*x[j];
}
Nx[i] = Nx[i] / a[i][i];
}
rootFound=1; //verification
for(i=0; i<n; i++){
if(!( (Nx[i]-x[i])/x[i] > -0.000001 && (Nx[i]-x[i])/x[i] < 0.000001 )){
rootFound=0;
break;
}
}
for(i=0; i<n; i++){ //evaluation
x[i]=Nx[i];
}
}
return ;
}
//Implementation of Gauss-Seidal Method
void GaussSeidalMethod(int n, double x[n], double b[n], double a[n][n]){
double Nx[n]; //modified form of variables
int rootFound=0; //flag
int i, j;
for(i=0; i<n; i++){ //initialization
Nx[i]=x[i];
}
while(!rootFound){
for(i=0; i<n; i++){ //calculation
Nx[i]=b[i];
for(j=0; j<n; j++){
if(i!=j) Nx[i] = Nx[i]-a[i][j]*Nx[j];
}
Nx[i] = Nx[i] / a[i][i];
}
rootFound=1; //verification
for(i=0; i<n; i++){
if(!( (Nx[i]-x[i])/x[i] > -0.000001 && (Nx[i]-x[i])/x[i] < 0.000001 )){
rootFound=0;
break;
}
}
for(i=0; i<n; i++){ //evaluation
x[i]=Nx[i];
}
}
return ;
}
//Print array with comma separation
void print(int n, double x[n]){
int i;
for(i=0; i<n; i++){
printf("%lf, ", x[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
return ;
}
int main(){
//equation initialization
int n=3; //number of variables
double x[n]; //variables
double b[n], //constants
a[n][n]; //arguments
//assign values
a[0][0]=8; a[0][1]=2; a[0][2]=-2; b[0]=8; //8x₁+2x₂-2x₃+8=0
a[1][0]=1; a[1][1]=-8; a[1][2]=3; b[1]=-4; //x₁-8x₂+3x₃-4=0
a[2][0]=2; a[2][1]=1; a[2][2]=9; b[2]=12; //2x₁+x₂+9x₃+12=0
int i;
for(i=0; i<n; i++){ //initialization
x[i]=0;
}
JacobisMethod(n, x, b, a);
print(n, x);
for(i=0; i<n; i++){ //initialization
x[i]=0;
}
GaussSeidalMethod(n, x, b, a);
print(n, x);
return 0;
}
