Tutorial by Examples: s

git remote add upstream git-repository-url Adds remote git repository represented by git-repository-url as new remote named upstream to the git repository

Assuming you set the upstream (as in the "setting an upstream repository") git fetch remote-name git merge remote-name/branch-name The pull command combines a fetch and a merge. git pull The pull with --rebase flag command combines a fetch and a rebase instead of merge. git pull ...

To stage a file for committing, run git add <filename>

git add -A 2.0 git add . In version 2.x, git add . will stage all changes to files in the current directory and all its subdirectories. However, in 1.x it will only stage new and modified files, not deleted files. Use git add -A, or its equivalent command git add --all, to stage all ch...

You can make Git ignore certain files and directories — that is, exclude them from being tracked by Git — by creating one or more .gitignore files in your repository. In software projects, .gitignore typically contains a listing of files and/or directories that are generated during the build proces...

Changing the text of an existing UILabel can be done by accessing and modifying the text property of the UILabel. This can be done directly using String literals or indirectly using variables. Setting the text with String literals Swift label.text = "the new text" Objective-C // Do...

Setting a specific Seed will create a fixed random-number series: random.seed(5) # Create a fixed state print(random.randrange(0, 10)) # Get a random integer between 0 and 9 # Out: 9 print(random.randrange(0, 10)) # Out: 4 Resetting the seed will create the same &qu...

Optionals are a generic enum type that acts as a wrapper. This wrapper allows a variable to have one of two states: the value of the user-defined type or nil, which represents the absence of a value. This ability is particularly important in Swift because one of the stated design objectives of the ...

x > y x < y These operators compare two types of values, they're the less than and greater than operators. For numbers this simply compares the numerical values to see which is larger: 12 > 4 # True 12 < 4 # False 1 < 4 # True For strings they will compare lexicographical...

Instead of importing the complete module you can import only specified names: from random import randint # Syntax "from MODULENAME import NAME1[, NAME2[, ...]]" print(randint(1, 10)) # Out: 5 from random is needed, because the python interpreter has to know from which resource it...

#include <stdio.h> /* increment: take number, increment it by one, and return it */ int increment(int i) { printf("increment %d by 1\n", i); return i + 1; } /* decrement: take number, decrement it by one, and return it */ int decrement(int i) { printf("...

#include <stdio.h> enum Op { ADD = '+', SUB = '-', }; /* add: add a and b, return result */ int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; } /* sub: subtract b from a, return result */ int sub(int a, int b) { return a - b; } /* getmath: return the appropriate m...

Using typedef It might be handy to use a typedef instead of declaring the function pointer each time by hand. The syntax for declaring a typedef for a function pointer is: typedef returnType (*name)(parameters); Example: Posit that we have a function, sort, that expects a function pointer to ...

from module_name import * for example: from math import * sqrt(2) # instead of math.sqrt(2) ceil(2.7) # instead of math.ceil(2.7) This will import all names defined in the math module into the global namespace, other than names that begin with an underscore (which indicates that the wri...

You can compare multiple items with multiple comparison operators with chain comparison. For example x > y > z is just a short form of: x > y and y > z This will evaluate to True only if both comparisons are True. The general form is a OP b OP c OP d ... Where OP represents ...

min(7,2,1,5) # Output: 1 max(7,2,1,5) # Output: 7

Finding the minimum/maximum of a sequence of sequences is possible: list_of_tuples = [(0, 10), (1, 15), (2, 8)] min(list_of_tuples) # Output: (0, 10) but if you want to sort by a specific element in each sequence use the key-argument: min(list_of_tuples, key=lambda x: x[0]) # Sorting ...

Create a file hello.html with the following content: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Hello, World!</title> </head> <body> <div> <p id="hello">Some random text</p> </div> <script src=...

Arrays can be created by enclosing a list of elements in square brackets ([ and ]). Array elements in this notation are separated with commas: array = [1, 2, 3, 4] Arrays can contain any kind of objects in any combination with no restrictions on type: array = [1, 'b', nil, [3, 4]]

Arrays of strings can be created using ruby's percent string syntax: array = %w(one two three four) This is functionally equivalent to defining the array as: array = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four'] Instead of %w() you may use other matching pairs of delimiters: %w{...}, %w[...] or %w<...&...