Tutorial by Examples: v

.reverse is used to reverse the order of items inside an array. Example for .reverse: [1, 2, 3, 4].reverse(); Results in: [4, 3, 2, 1] Note: Please note that .reverse(Array.prototype.reverse) will reverse the array in place. Instead of returning a reversed copy, it will return the same ar...

5.0 In PowerShell 5.0+ you can list available constructors by calling the static new-method without parentheses. PS> [DateTime]::new OverloadDefinitions ------------------- datetime new(long ticks) datetime new(long ticks, System.DateTimeKind kind) datetime new(int year, int month, int d...

class Person { [string] $Name [int] $Age Person([string] $Name) { $this.Name = $Name } Person([string] $Name, [int]$Age) { $this.Name = $Name $this.Age = $Age } }

Vector size is simply the number of elements in the vector: Current vector size is queried by size() member function. Convenience empty() function returns true if size is 0: vector<int> v = { 1, 2, 3 }; // size is 3 const vector<int>::size_type size = v.size(); cout << size...

Declaration-site variance can be thought of as declaration of use-site variance once and for all the use-sites. class Consumer<in T> { fun consume(t: T) { ... } } fun charSequencesConsumer() : Consumer<CharSequence>() = ... val stringConsumer : Consumer<String> = cha...

Use-site variance is similar to Java wildcards: Out-projection: val takeList : MutableList<out SomeType> = ... // Java: List<? extends SomeType> val takenValue : SomeType = takeList[0] // OK, since upper bound is SomeType takeList.add(takenValue) // Error, lower bound for...

One std::vector can be append to another by using the member function insert(): std::vector<int> a = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}; std::vector<int> b = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; a.insert(a.end(), b.begin(), b.end()); However, this solution fails if you try to append a vector to itself, because the sta...

Key Value Coding is integrated into NSObject using NSKeyValueCoding protocol. What this means? It means that any id object is capable of calling valueForKey method and its various variants like valueForKeyPath etc. ' It also means that any id object can invoke setValue method and its various vari...

A std::vector automatically increases its capacity upon insertion as needed, but it never reduces its capacity after element removal. // Initialize a vector with 100 elements std::vector<int> v(100); // The vector's capacity is always at least as large as its size auto const old_capacity...

Binary data types of either fixed length or variable length. Syntax: BINARY [ ( n_bytes ) ] VARBINARY [ ( n_bytes | max ) ] n_bytes can be any number from 1 to 8000 bytes. max indicates that the maximum storage space is 2^31-1. Examples: SELECT CAST(12345 AS BINARY(10)) -- 0x0000000000000000...

String data types of either fixed length or variable length. Syntax: CHAR [ ( n_chars ) ] VARCHAR [ ( n_chars ) ] Examples: SELECT CAST('ABC' AS CHAR(10)) -- 'ABC ' (padded with spaces on the right) SELECT CAST('ABC' AS VARCHAR(10)) -- 'ABC' (no padding due to variable character) SELE...

UNICODE string data types of either fixed length or variable length. Syntax: NCHAR [ ( n_chars ) ] NVARCHAR [ ( n_chars | MAX ) ] Use MAX for very long strings that may exceed 8000 characters.

NSArray *myColors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects: @"Red", @"Green", @"Blue", @"Yellow", nil]; // Convert myColors to mutable NSMutableArray *myColorsMutable = [myColors mutableCopy];

Long vectors with long runs of the same value can be significantly compressed by storing them in their run-length encoding (the value of each run and the number of times that value is repeated). As an example, consider a vector of length 10 million with a huge number of 1's and only a small number o...

C++11 void_t is a meta-function that maps any (number of) types to type void. The primary purpose of void_t is to facilitate writing of type traits. std::void_t will be part of C++17, but until then, it is extremely straightforward to implement: template <class...> using void_t = void; ...

The -CaseSensitive parameter enforces switch statements to perform exact, case-sensitive matching against conditions. Example: switch -CaseSensitive ('Condition') { 'condition' {'First Action'} 'Condition' {'Second Action'} 'conditioN' {'Third Action'} } Output: Second Act...

Fixnum#to_s takes an optional base argument and represents the given number in that base: 2.to_s(2) # => "10" 3.to_s(2) # => "11" 3.to_s(3) # => "10" 10.to_s(16) # => "a" If no argument is provided, then it represents the number in bas...

Assuming you created the serial port object s as in this example, then to close it fclose(s) However, sometimes you can accidentally lose the port (e.g. clear, overwrite, change scope, etc...), and fclose(s) will no longer work. The solution is easy fclose(instrfindall) More info at instrfin...

It is common for memory performance to compress multiple values into a single primitive value. This may be useful to pass various information into a single variable. For example, one can pack 3 bytes - such as color code in RGB - into an single int. Packing the values // Raw bytes as input byte...

As there is currently no simple way of combining dictionaries in Swift, it can be useful to overload the + and += operators in order to add this functionality using generics. // Combines two dictionaries together. If both dictionaries contain // the same key, the value of the right hand side dicti...